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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cause of tabes dorsalis?
What part of the spinal cord is damaged in tabes dorsalis? |
-Cause: tertiary syphilis-Impaired proprioception and locomotor ataxia
-Ass: Charcot's joints, shooting lightning pain, Argyll-Roberson pupils (reactive to accomodation but not to light), absence of DTRs, positive Romberg, sensory ataxia at night -Dorsal column and dorsal root degeneration |
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Compare the leading causes of death in ages 15-24 to those in ages 25-64.
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15-24: injuries, homicide, suicide, cancer, heart disease
25-64: cancer, heart disease, injuries, suicide, stroke |
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Compare the leading causes of death in ages 15-24 to those in ages 25-64.
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15-24: injuries, homicide, suicide, cancer, heart disease
25-64: cancer, heart disease, injuries, suicide, stroke |
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In your own words, describe what type I alpha error is.
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-Stating that there is an effect of difference when none exists
-To mistakenly accept the experimental hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis -eg. Convicting an innocent man |
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What symptoms would you see in an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?
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-contralateral face and arm paralysis and sensory loss
-aphasia (dominant sphere) -left sided neglect |
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What symptoms would you see in a posterior cerebral artery occlusion?
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-contralateral homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing
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Which artery is implicated in "locked-in syndrome"?
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Basilar artery
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Which artery is implicated in lateral inferior pontine syndrome?
What are the symptoms? |
-AICA
-ipsilateral facial paralysis and loss of pain and temperature -ipsilateral cochlear nucleus, nystagmus -ipsilateral dystaxia (MCP, ICP) |
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Which artery is implicated in lateral medullary syndrome?
What are the symptoms? |
-PICA
-contralateral loss of pain and temperature -ipsilateral dysphagia -hoarseness and decreased gag reflex -vertigo, nystagmus, diploplia, ipsilateral Horner's -ipsilateral facial pain and temperature loss |
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Which artery is implicated in deficits of motor and sensation to the leg and foot?
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ACA
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What are the R’s of Rifampin?
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1. RNA polymerase inhibitor
2. Revs up microsomal P-450 3. Red/orange body fluids 4. Rapid resistance if used alone |
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Where would you expect to find B cells in a lymph node?
Where would you find T cells, plasma cells, and macrophages? |
B cells: follicle in outer cortex
T cells: paracortex Macrophages: medulla along sinuses Plasma cells: medullary cords |
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What is the difference between preeclampsia and eclampsia?
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Preeclampsia: HTN, proteinuria, edema
Eclampsia: preeclampsia + seizures Caused by placental ischemia due to impaired vasodilation of spiral arteries resulting in increased vascular tone |
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What symptoms are seen with excess administration / toxicity of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor?
What substances are known for causing this type of toxicity? |
-Diarrhea, Urination, Miosis, Bronchospasm, Bradycardia, Excitation of skeletal muscle and CNS, Lacrimation, Sweating, Salivation
(DUMBBELSS) -caused by parathion and other organophosphates which are irreversable inhibitors |
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What amino acids are necessary for purine synthesis?
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-glycine
-aspartate -glutamine |
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What is the difference between malingering and factitious disorder?
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Malingering: patient consciously fakes or claims to have a disorder to attain a specific secondary gain and avoids treament by medical personnel.
Factitious disorder: Patient consciously creates physical or psychological symptoms to assume the sick role and get medical attention (primary gain) -Munchausen's syndrome -Munchausen's by proxy |
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Which structures perforate the diaphragm?
At what level do they perforate the diaphragm? |
T8: IVC
T10: esophagus T12: aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein |
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What are the sites of fetal erythropoiesis?
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1. Yolk sac: 3-6 weeks
2. Liver: 6-30 weeks 3. Spleen: 9-28 weeks 4. Bone marrow: 28 weeks until forever Young Liver Synthesizes Blood |
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What virus is associated with a positive heterophile antibody test?
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-Positive monospot test
-Heterophil antibodies detected by agglutination of sheep RBC, -EBV virus which infects B cells -Family: herpesevirus, DNA linear enveloped |
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Which virus is associated with Negri bodies?
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-Rabies
-Cytoplasmic inclusion in neurons fever -Travels to CNS by migrating in a retrograde fashion up the nerve endings -Family: rhabdovirus, RNA, enveloped, ss-linear, helical |
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Which virus is associated with orchitis, parotitis, and meningitis?
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-Mumps
-May cause sterility if adolescent/adult onset -Family: paramyxovirus, RNA, enveloped, ss- linear, non-segmented, helical |
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Which virus is associated with Koplick spots?
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-Rubeola (measles)
-Red spots with blue-white center on buccal mucosa -Ass: SSPE, encephalitis, giant cell pneumonia, rash spreads from head to toe -3C's cough, coryz, conjunctivitis -Family: paramyxovirus, RNA ss-linear nonsegmented, helical |
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Which virus is associated with Councilman bodies?
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viral hepatitis
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What cofactors are required for the proper function of pyruvate dehydrogenase?
What enzyme is very similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase? |
Cofactors:
-pyrophosphate (B1, thiamine: TPP) -FAD (B2, riboflavin) -NAD (B3, niacin) -CoA (B5, pantothenate) -Lipoic acid Very similar to alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase |
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What is Lambert-Eaton syndrome?
Which neoplasms can cause Lambert-Eaton syndrome? |
Sx: proximal muscle weakness that improves with muscle use (no extraocular manifestations)
Mech: autoantibodies against presynaptic Ca channels at the neuromuscular junction leads to a decrease in ACh Ass: small cell lung carcinoma Tx: AChE inhibitors alone cannot reverse sx |
