Dit Week 2 Thursday

Front 1

What are the signs of PCP intoxication?

Back 1

Belligerence, impulsiveness, fever, psychomotor agitation, vertical and horizontal nystagmus, tachycardia, ataxia, homicidality, psychosis, delirium

Front 2

What enzyme is deficient in alkaptonuria? What are the manifestations of alkaptonuria?

Back 2

(ochronosis)
Congenital deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase in the degradative pathway of tyrosine. Autosomal recessive. Benign disease.

Findings: dark connective tissue, pigmented sclera, urine turns black on tanding, may have debilitatin arthralgias

Front 3

Which type of E. coli causes the very common “Traveler’s diarrhea?

Back 3

Traveler’s diarrhea: ETEC (labile toxin/stable toxin)

Front 4

Which fungal infection causes diaper rash?

Back 4

Candida albicans

Front 5

Which fungal infection is an opportunistic mold with septate hyphae that branch at a 45 degree angle?

Back 5

Aspergillus fumigatus

Front 6

Which fungus is an opportunistic mold with irregular nonseptate hyphae that branch at wide angles (>90 degrees)?

Back 6

Mucor and Rhizopus

Front 7

Which fungus is a dimorphic fungi common to SW US (San Joaquin Valley fever)?

Back 7

Coccidioidomycosis

Front 8

Which fungus causes thrush in immunocompromised pts and vulvovaginitis in women?

Back 8

candida

Front 9

Which fungus is a dimorphic fungi with broad-based budding yeast?

Back 9

Blastomycosis

Front 10

Which fungus is known for causing pneumonia in AIDS patients?

Back 10

Pneumocystis jiroveci
Findings: bilateral CXR appearance, Dx: lung biopsy
Histo:methenamine silver
Tx: TMP-SMX

Front 11

Which fungus is dimorphic and common to Mississippi and Ohio river valleys?

Back 11

Histoplasma

Front 12

Which fungus causes a skin infection in those pricked by a thorn?

Back 12

Sporotrichosis

Front 13

Which yeast known for causing meningitis in AIDS patients?

Back 13

Cryptococcus
Found in soil, pigeon droppings
Heavily encapsulated yeast
Histo: stains with India ink
Soap bubble lesions in brain

Front 14

What is the cause of Chronic Granulomatous disease? What are the consequences of Chronic Granulomatous disease?

Back 14

Deficiency in NADPH oxidase  decrease in reactive oxygen species (superoxide) and absent respiratory burst in neutrophils; increased susceptibility to catalase-positive organisms (s. aureus, e. coli, aspergillus); labs: negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test

Front 15

What are the two most common complications after an MI?

Back 15

1. Cardiac arrhythmia – important cause of death before reaching hospital; common in first few days
2. LV failure and pulmonary edema

Front 16

What is Dressler’s syndrome?

Back 16

autoimmune phenomenon resulting in fibrinous pericarditis (several weeks post-MI)

Front 17

Compare the leading causes of death in ages 1-14 to those in ages 15-24?

Back 17

1-14: injuries, cancer, congenital anomalies, homicide, heart disease
15-24: injuries, homicide, suicide, cancer, heart disease

Front 18

What is the A-a gradient, and what might an increased A-a gradient indicate?

Back 18

A-a gradient: PAO2 – PaO2 = 10-15 mm Hg; increased A-a gradient may occur in hypoxemia; causes include shunting, V/Q mismatch, fibrosis (diffusion block)

Front 19

In which order elimination is the rate of elimination proportional to the drug concentration?

Back 19

First-order elimination: constant fraction of drug eliminated per unit time. Cp decreases exponentially with time

Front 20

Where can you find nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the body?

Back 20

Ligand-gated Na+/K+ channels; Nn (found in autonomic ganglia) and Nm (found in neuromuscular junction) subtypes

Front 21

What is the most common tumor of the appendix?

Back 21

Carcinoid tumor (neuroendocrine cells) high levels of serotonin secretion

Front 22

Which antibiotic is known for causing teeth discoloration?

Back 22

Tetracycline

Front 23

Which antibiotic is known for causing tendonitis?

Back 23

Fluoroquinolones

Front 24

Which antibiotic is known for causing red man syndrome?

Back 24

Vancomycin

Front 25

Which antibiotic is known for causing grey baby syndrome?

Back 25

Chloramphenicol
particularly in premature infants since they lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase

Front 26

Which antibiotic is known for causing cartilage damage in children?

Back 26

Fluoroquinolones

Front 27

Which antibiotic is known for causing nephrotoxicity (esp with cephalosporins) and ototoxicity (esp with loop diuretics)?

Back 27

Aminoglycosides

Front 28

Which antibiotic is known for causing pseudomembranous colitis?

Back 28

Ampicillin and Clindamycin

Front 29

Describe the steps involved in the pupillary light reflex.

Back 29

1. Light in either retina sends a singal via CN II (optic) to pretectal nuclei in midbrain that activate bilateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei; pupils contract bilaterally (consensual reflex). Result: illumination of 1 eye results in bilateral papillary constriction. Marcus Gunn pupil: afferent papillary defect (due to optic nerve damage or retinal detachment); decreased bilateral papillary constriction when light is shone in affected eye

Front 30

Which diuretic is used to lower intracranial pressure? What are the contraindications to the use of this diuretic?

Back 30

Mannitol: Contraindicated in anuria, CHF

Front 31

What are the common causes of eosinophilia?

Back 31

NAACP: neoplastic, asthma, allergic processes, collagen vascular diseases, parasites (invasive)