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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the mechanism of action of sulfonamides and trimethoprim. Which anticancer drug works in the same manner as trimethoprim?
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Trimethoprim inhibits dihyrdrofolate reductase, which is the same mechanism of methotrexate. Sulfonamides inhibit dihydropterate synthase. Together they block 2 sequential steps of THF synthesis which inhibits DNA/RNA productions, as well as protein synthesis.
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When screening a population for a particular disease, would you rather have a high sensitivity or a high specificity? What test is used to screen for HIV? What test is used to confirm a positive HIV screen?
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High sensitivity. Screen for HIV using ELISA (sensitive). Confirm using Western Blot (specific).
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What is pulse pressure? What is the equation for mean arterial pressure (MAP)?
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Pulse pressure=systolic pressure - diastolic pressure
MAP=2/3 systolic pressure + 1/3 diastolic pressure |
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How do the symptoms of a gastric ulcer differ from the symptoms of a duodenal ulcer? What are the two most common causes of peptic ulcer disease?
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Gastric ulcer: pain immediately after eating
NSAIDs or H pylori Duodenal ulcer: pain decreases with eating H. pylori |
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What are 4 potassium-sparing diuretics? What are their mechanisms of action? What are their important side effects?
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Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, epleronone
Mech: spiro is a competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in CT, Tri and ami block Na channels in tubules in CT Tox: hyperkalemia, spiro-gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects |
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Which penicillin is a good choice against Enterococcus (H influenza, E coli, Listeria, Proteus?
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Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Tox: hypersensitivity, rash, pseudomembranous colitis |
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Which penicillin is effective against Pseudomonas?
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Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin
Use: Pseudomonas, gram negative rods Use with clavulinic acid Tox: hypersensitivity |
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Which penicillin is good for otitis media because it covers Strep pneumo and H influenza?
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Amoxicillin
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Which penicillin is associated with interstitial nephritis?
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Methicillin
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What types of preventive services are needed in the following patients?
- diabetic - drug abuser - alcoholic - high risk sexual behavior |
Diabetic: eye, foot exams, urine tests
Drug abuser: hepatitis immunizations, TB and HIV tests Alcoholic: influenza, pneumococcal vaccinations, TB test High risk sexual behavior: HIV, hepatitis B, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia testing |
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A young man comes to your office with an internal struggle over a decision to join the priesthood. On further questioning he revels that he has had thoughts of “being with other men.” What defense mechanism do you suspect this man is displaying?
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Repression: involuntary witholding of an idea or feeling from consious awarenes
Suppression: voluntary witholding of an idea or feeling from conscious awareness Sublimation: process whereby one replaces an unacceptable wish with a course of action that is similar to the wish but does not conflict with one's value system. |
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What tests can be used to help detect the presence of an MI?
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First 6 hours: ECG
After 4 hours: troponin I rises and stays elevated for 7-10 days |
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What are the 3 different eukaryotic RNA polymerases? What type of RNA does each make?
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DNA polymerase I: rRNA
DNA polymerase II: mRNA DNA polymerase III: tRNA They are in order of their use |
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What are the complications of cystic fibrosis?
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Pancreatic insufficiency, URI (pseudomonas, staph), chronic bronchitis bronchiectasis
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How many umbilical vessels are there? Which umbilical vessel has the highest oxygen content?
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2 umbilical arteries, 1 umbilical vein, 1 urachus.
The umbilical blood supplies oxygen from the placenta to the fetus |
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Which cell types do not require insulin for the uptake of glucose?
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Brain , RBCs use GLUT-1 which is independent of insulin levels
Brain can also use ketones, but RBCs cannot Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue use GLUT-4 for glucose uptake, insulin dependent |
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What structures must a needle go through in order to obtain CSF in a patient suspected of having meningitis? At what level of the spinal cord should you perform a lumbar puncture in an adult? What landmark indicates this level of the spinal cord?
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Top of iliac crest, L4 ot L5. Pass through:
1. Skin 2. Ligaments (supraspinous, interspinous, ligamentum flavum) 3. Epidural space 4. Dura mater 5. Subdural space 6. Arachnoid 7. Subarachnoid space (CSF) Pia is NOT pierced |
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Where do mets to the brain most commonly come from?
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Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
50% of brain tumors are from mets Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia Typically lots of well circumscribed tumors at the gray-white border |
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Where do mets to the liver most commonly come from?
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Regional lymph nodes
Colon> stomach > pancreas > breast > lung Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Live Mets much more common than primary tumor |
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Where do mets to the bone most commonly come from?
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Prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lung, kidney
Breast and prostate most common Mets more common than primary Lung=lytic, prostate=blastic, breast=both lytic and blastic |
