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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some of the causes of mononeuropathy?
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Compression, trauma, diabetes, vasculitis, radiation, & inflammation
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What organism is most commonly responsible for osteomyelitis?
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S. aureus
N. gonorrhea: sexually active P. aeruginosa: drug users and diabetics Salmonella: Sickle Cell patients |
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What is exstrophy of the bladder? What condition is associated with this abnormality?
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Exstrophy of the bladder is associated with epispadia (abnormal opening of the penis on the superior (dorsal) side due to faulty positioning of the genital tubercule)
Mnemonic: you hit your eye when you pee |
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Which vitamins are fat soluble antioxiants?
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Vitamin A and Vitamin E
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Which vitamin is a mandatory injection for neonates to prevent deficiency?
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Vitamin K
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What are the signs of bacterial endocarditis?
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Mnemonic: FROM JANE
Fever Roth spots (retinal hemorrhages) Osler’s nodules (painful red, raised lesions on palms and soles) Murmur Janeway lesions (non-tender, small macular lesions on palms and soles) Anemia Nail-bed hemorrhage Emboli |
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What is the most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults? in children?
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Adults: Pheochromocytoma (derived from chromaffin cells from neural crest)—rule of 10 (malignant, bilateral, extra-adrenal, calcify, in kids, familial)
Kids: neuroblastoma |
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Why should a “Hot T-bone stEAk” come to mind when someone asks you about interleukins?
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Hot: IL-1 = fever
T-bone: IL-2= stimulates T cells Bone: IL-3= stimulates bone marrow “E” in steak: IL-4 = stimulates IgE production “A” in steak: IL-5 = stimulates IgA production |
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Which phase of hepatic metabolism is lost first by geriatric pts?
Which phase is mediated by cytochrome p450? |
Phase I: CYP 450; phase II: conjugation
Phase I is lost by geriatric patients first |
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What are the common causes of metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap?
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Mnemonic: MUD PILES
Methanol, uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis; para-aldehyde, iron tablets/INH, lactic acidosis, ethylene glycol, salicylates (ex. Aspirin) |
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What cancer causes “punched-out” lytic bone lesions that can be seen on x-ray?
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Multiple myeloma: cancer that arises from the marrow & produces large amounts of IgG or IgA (most common primary tumor arising within bone in the elderly)
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Describe how the properties and clinical use of leuprolide can change depending on how it is administered.
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GnRH analog w/ agonist properties when used in pulsatile fashion
Antagonist properties when used in continuous fashion |
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What are some of the complications associated with lung cancer?
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Mnemonic: SPHERE
S: superior vena cava syndrome P: pancoast tumor H: Horner syndrome E: endocrine (paraneoplastic) R: recurrent laryngeal symptoms (hoarseness, etc.) E: effusion (pleural, pericardial) |
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What are the irreversible enzymes of glycolysis?
What are the irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis? |
Irreversible enzymes of glycolysis: phosphofructokinase 1, pyruvate kinase, glucokinase
Irreversible enzymes of gluconeogenesis: pyruvate carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase |
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In cases of hyperkalemia, what can be done to acutely shift potassium out of the serum and into cells in order to avoid cardiac arrhythmias?
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Give insulin or a beta-adrenergic agonists
Induce alkalosis or hypo-osmolarity |
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Which vitamin is a cofactor for carboxylations?
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Biotin (B7)
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Which vitamin is converted to a cofactor used in transamination (ALT, AST)?
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Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) which is required for the synthesis of niacin from tryptophan
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Which vitamin deficiency is detected in the Schilling test?
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B12
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What nerves innervate the tongue?
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Anterior 2/3: taste=facial (chorda tympani), sensory=mandibular of trigeminal (V3)
Posterior 1/3: glossopharyneal does both Muscles: hypoglossal |
