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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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60 year old retired grandpa comes in with a lesion on his nose. It has rolled borders and and ulcerated center. What medication do you prescribe?
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topical 5- flurouracil for basal cell carcinoma.
5-FU can also be used for colon cancers, solid cancers and actinokerotosis (squamous cell potential) |
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What is low birth weight described as?
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under 2500 grams
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You deliver a baby thats 4 lbs ( 1814 grams). What are some of the complications this baby could have?
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greater incidence of physical and emotional problems
infections- sepsis, pneumonia, menigitis respiratory distress syndrome necrotizing enterocolitis from feeding to quickly intraventricular hemorrage persitant fetal circulation |
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Your examining your patient neck and see a mass. How can you tell the difference between a branchial cleft cyst and a thyroglossal duct cyst
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thyroglossal duct cyst is midline and moves when swallowing
branchial cleft cyst is lateral and does not move when swallowing |
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What does the thyroglossal duct become in an adult?
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the remnant is the foramen cecum
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explain the development of the thyroid gland and the most ectopic thyroid tissue remaining
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thyroid diverticulum arises from floor of primitive pharynx which descends into neck, connected to tongue by thyroglossal duct.
most common ectopic thyroid tissue site is the tongue |
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You are on the PAX mission trip and see a boy with enlarged jaw. What virus do you expect to be associated with his Burkitts lymphoma
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EBV- epstein barr
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In Burkitts which cells are neoplastic
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mature b cells!
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Where are the T cells in spleen? lymph nodes?
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in spleen- in PALS- periarterial lymphatic sheath and white pulp
in lymph node- paracortex |
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Where are B cells in the spleen? in the lymph node?
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B cells in the spleen are in the follicles in the white pulp
in lymph node B cells are in follicles |
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what are early cyanosis heart diseases? When will they show up?
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early cyanosis heart diseases are right to left shunts and blue babies
Tetralogy of Fallot transposition of great vessels truncus arteriosis tricuspid atresia TAPVR |
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What are late cyansosis diseases? When do they show up?
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late cyanosis= blue kids= left to right shunts
VSD ASD PDA |
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What organs are retroperitoneal?
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SAD PUCKER
suprarenal aorta/IVC Pancreas Ureter Colon-descending/ascending Kidney Esophagus Rectum |
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You are the doctor for the Yankees pitcher. He's having some trouble with his empty can test. What are his rotator cuff muscles?
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SItS
supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis |
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what does the supraspinatus do?
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abducts
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what does the infraspinatus do?
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laterally rotates
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What does the teres minor do?
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adduct and laterally rotate
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what does the subscapularis do?
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medially rotate and adduct
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What are the differences in delerium and dementia
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Delerium- waxing and waning consciousness, irreversible, due to infection, trauma, acute changes, abnormal EEG
dementia- normal EEG, gradual decline in cognition, no psychotic symptoms, irreversible |
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what % is within 1 SD, 2SD and 3 SD
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1 SD= 68%, 2 SD= 95% and 3 SD= 99.7 %
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hyper or hypothryroidsim-constipation
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hypo
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hyper or hypothryroidsim-elevated TSH
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hypo
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hyper or hypothryroidsim- fine hair
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hyper
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hyper or hypothryroidsim-brittle hair
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hypo
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hyper or hypothryroidism-dry skin
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hypo
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hyper or hypothryroidsim-potbellied, pale, neonate
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severe hypo= cretinism
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hyper or hypothryroidism-proptosis
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hyper= grave's disease
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Antiviral drug used for Parkinsons
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amatadine= increases dopamine
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myocardial action potential phases
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phase 0= Na open
phase 1= Na close K open phase 2= Ca=k= plateau phase 3= k efflux phase 4= k opened |
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you suspect your 9 year old patient has diabetic ketoacidosis. what are the symptoms?
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nausea and vomiting
kussmaul breathing abdominal pain psychosis/delerium dehydration fruity odor breath |
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Treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis
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IV fluid first!! then IV insulin and K and glucose if needed
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what does an anterior shoulder dislocation look like
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Prominent acromion, loss of shoulder roundess
from Blow to abducted externally rotated extended arm- blocking basketball shot Axillary artery and nerve at risk |
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what does a posterior shoulder dislocation look like?
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Posterior prominence; anterior shoulder is flat
from Blow to the anteriro shoulder, -seizures and electrocution Internal rotation and adduction Unable to externally rotate |
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what is a cholesteoma?
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overgrowth of keratin debris within middle ear space
• May eventually erode the ossicular chain and external auditory canal pearly lesion behind TM conductive hearing loss and vertigo |
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chlopidegril and ticlopidine are used after MI and cardiac catheterization. Whats their MOA
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inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors. inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression
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What stage do sleepwalking, night terrors and enuresis happen in? What drug can help?
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stage 3 is where these occur- delta sleep
benzodiazepines help |
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what is the definition and cause of polyhydramnios?
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>1.5-2 L of fluid caused by esophageal/duodenal atresia or anencephaly- cant swallow fluid
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What is the definition and cause of oligohydramnios
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less than .5 L of fluid
placenta insufficiency, bilateral renal agenesis, posterior uretheral valves in males, can give rise to potter syndrome |
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what is potter's syndrome?
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bilateral renal agenesis- limb deformaties, facial deformaties, pulmonary hypoplasia, oligohydramnios caused by malfomations of utereric bud
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where are CD 4 cells?
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On helper T cells
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Where are CD8 and what do they do?
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on cytotoxic T cells and they kill viruses, neoplastic cells and transplant donor cells
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What is eisenmengers syndrome?
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uncorrected VSD,ASD PDA which causes compensatory vascular hypertrophy which results in progressive pulmonary hypertension. increse in pulmonary hypertension reverses shunt from L to R ,to R to L causing cyanosis
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what artey supplies the distal third colon?
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inferior meseteric artery
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what embryologic structure gives you the distal colon?
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hindgut and 2/3 of midgut
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when you move your patients head to the right his right arm and hand have diminished senstation on the right side. What part of the brachial plexus is affected?
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inferior trunk- C8 and T1
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when you move your patients head to the right his right arm and hand have diminished senstation on the right side. What muscles might be atrophied?
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hypothenar, thenar and interosseus muscles
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what are positive symptoms in schizophrenia?
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hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior- shouldnt be there but is
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what are some negative symptoms of schizophrenia
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flat effect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, lack of speech or thought
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What to typical antpsychotics work on
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block dopamine D2 receptors and increase cAMP
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atypicals block what receptors?
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5HT2, dopamine, alpha and H1 receptors
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How do you differentiate between gout and pseudogout?
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gout= yellow when uric acid crystals are parallel and blue when perpendicular and negative bifringent
pseudogout= yellow when perpendicular and blue when parallel, postive bifringence and calcium pyrrophosphate crystals |
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what does lithium cause in fetuses
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ebsteins anomaly- atrialized right ventricle
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what do carbamazepine, valproate, and lamantrogiene cause in fetuses
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neural tube defects
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what is the most common teratogen in US
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alcohol
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what is the most common cause of seizures in children, adults and elderly
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children: genetic,febrile, trauma metabolic
adults: tumor, trauma, stroke, infection elderly:stroke, trauma, metabolic, infection |
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when what causes S1
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mitral and tricuspid closing
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what causes S2
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aortic and pulmonic valve closing
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what causes S3
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dilated ventricles- in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling
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what causes S4
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hypertensin and a left ventricular hypertrophy and a stiff ventricle
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which diabetes is associated with obesity
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type II
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which diabetes is associated with ketocacidosis
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type I
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which diabetes has a strong genetic predisposition
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type II
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which diabetes is associated with HLA DR 3 and 4
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type I
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what drugs can cause erectile dysfunction
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antidepressants -SSRI (fluoxetine)
antipsychotics sprironolactone cimetidine- increases prolactin clonidine thizaides methyldopa |
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what id the first line treatment for patients with erectile dysfunction?
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sildanafil
tadalafil vardenafil PDE inhibitors testosterone for hypogonadism |
