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362 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the undelying cause of PCOS?
What are the clincial manifestations? What is the tx? |
Causes (FA 12 p. 545)
Clinical Px Amenorrhea Infertility Obesity Hirsutism Impaired glucose tolerance Tx Wt loss Metformin Clomiphene Leupolide Spironolactone |
|
A patieth with PCOS is most at risk for developing which type of cancer?
|
Endometrial cancer
|
|
Under what circumstances would you expect to see elevated LH?
|
Normal surge before ovulation
Menopause PCOS Androgen insensitivity syndrome |
|
What Rx would you give to (-) prolactin secretion?
|
Dopamine analog
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Produces AFP? |
Yolk-sac tumor
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Estrogen-secreting, leading to precocious puberty? |
Granulosa theca cell tumor
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Intraperitoneal accumulation of mucinous material? |
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Testosterone-secreting, leading to virilization? |
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Psammoma bodies? |
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Multiple different tissue types? |
Teratoma
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Lined with fallopian tube-like epithelium? |
Serous cystadenoma
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Ovarian tumor + ascites + hydrothorax? |
Meigs syndrome of ovarian fibroma
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Call-Exner bodies? |
Granulosa theca cell tumors
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Resembles bladder epithelium? |
Brenner tumor
|
|
What ovarian tumor mathces the following statement:
Elevated B-hCG? |
Choricocarcinoma
Dysgerminoma |
|
What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
|
NOT being pregnant early in life
Late menopause Early menarche |
|
An obese woman presents with amenorrhea and increased levels of serum testosterone. What is the most likely Dx?
|
PCOS
|
|
Most common BENIGN ovarian tumor
|
Serous cystadenoma
|
|
Most common MALIGNANT ovarian tumor?
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
|
Call-Exner bodies
Granulosa-theca cell tumor |
|
What pathology fits the following HY phrase:
Thyroid cells with optically clear nuclei? |
Papillary carcinoma
|
|
What pathology fits the following HY phrase:
Branching rods on oral infections? |
Actinomyces israelli
|
|
What pathology fits the following HY phrase:
Eczema + recurrent infections + thrombocytopenia? |
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
|
|
What pathology fits the following HY phrase:
Hemosiderinuria + thrombosis? |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Most common malignant primary bone tumor of childern? |
Osteosaroma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Most common benign bone tumor? |
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
11:22 translocation? |
Ewing sarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Soap-bubble appearance on XR? |
Gaint-cell tumor
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Onion-skin appearance of bone? |
Ewing sarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Codman's triangle on XR? |
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Increased AFP on aminocentesis? |
Neural tube defect
Acencephaly Incorrect pregnancy dating |
|
Monozygotic twins are delivered. One is pale and has a Hct of 15% and the other is flushed with a Hct of 55%. What is the cause of these features?
|
Twin-Twin Transfusion
|
|
A 15 yr old female states she is sexually active but that she knows she is not pregnant b.c she has never menstrucated. What would be the appropriate next step in managment?
|
Work-up for delayed puberty
Check Pregnancy test Pt education: STD, contraception |
|
A pregnant woman at 16 weeks of gestation px with antypically large abdomen and HTN. What abnormality might be seen on blood test, and what is the disorder?
|
Complete hydatidiform mole
Elevated B-hCG |
|
A 25 yr old woman in her 3rd trimester has normal BP when standing and sitting. When supine, her BP drops to 90/50. What is the Dx?
|
IVC compression
|
|
What are the common causes of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
|
Sarcoid
Amyloid Hemochromatosis Loeffler disese Endocardial fiber elastosis Post-radiation fibrosis |
|
What agents are commonly used as tocolytics?
|
Mg sulfate
Terbuline Nifedipine Indomethacin |
|
What is the MOA of Mifepristone?
|
Competitively binds to progesterone receptors --> blocks the effects of progesterone
|
|
What are some of the condtions that can result in polyhydramnios?
|
Esophageal and duodenal atresia
|
|
A pregnant woman with previous C-section is at increased risk for which placental abnomralities?
|
Placenta previa
Placenta accreta |
|
Placenta overlies cervical os
Painless vaginal bleeding Requires a C-section |
Placenta previa
|
|
Painful, life-theartening to fetus
Placenta separates from uterus Bleeding inside uterus |
Placenta abruption
|
|
Placenta attached to myometrium
Does NOT separage from myometrium after birth |
Placenta accreta
|
|
When a young monkey is separeted from its mother, it becomes withdrawn, socially isolated, and grooms poorly. It is thought that this behavior is the monkey equivalent of what human problem?
|
Anaclitic depression
|
|
A wt lifter undergoes emergency surgery for a life threatening conditio. Examination of a section of his small bowel reveals focal hemorrhages. What is the process responsible for this?
|
Inguinal hernia
Herniated bowel bcomes incarcerated |
|
What prenatal US finding is a clue that the fetus may have Down Syndrome?
|
Nucal translucency
|
|
What is the most common event that causes Down syndrome?
|
Meiotic Non-disjunction
|
|
What gene is affected in Fragile X syndrome?
|
FMR1 gene
|
|
What are the clincial features of Fragile X syndrome?
|
Autism
Large jaw Facial elongation Everted ears MVP |
|
What are the clinical features of Williams syndrome?
|
MR
Elfin facies Friendliness CV defects (valvular defect) |
|
What are the possible defects in cases of chromosome 21q11 deletion?
|
Abnormal facies
Celft palate Thymic aplasia HypoCa Cardiac defects |
|
What are the distinguishing characteristics of Klinefelter syndrome and Turner Syndrome?
|
Klinefelter Syndrome
Male (XXY) Very tail, long extremities Testicular atrophy and gynecomastica Turner Syndrome Female (XO) Short stature, neck webbing, shield chest Primary amenorrhea |
|
Most common genetic cause of MR
|
Down Syndrome
|
|
2nd most common genetic cause of MR
|
Fragile X syndrome
|
|
Horsehoe kidney, congential heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
|
Turner syndrome
|
|
Rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly with prominent occiput small jaw
|
Trisomy 18
Edwards syndrome |
|
What pathology matches the following statement:
Focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleated gaint cells? |
Ashcoff bodies (Rheumatic fever)
|
|
What pathology matches the following statement:
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic globules in liver near nucleus? |
Mallory bodeis (EtOHic liver disease)
|
|
What pathology matches the following statement:
Desquamated epithelial casts in sputum? |
Curschmann spiralis (Bronchial asthma)
|
|
What pathology matches the following statement:
Pseudopalisading tumor cell arrangement? |
Glioblastoma
|
|
What pathology matches the following statement:
Eleavted serum uric acid? |
Gout
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Myeloproliferative disorder Diuretics (loops, thiazides) |
|
What are the common causes fo meningitis in the following age range:
Newborn to 6 mos? |
Group B strep
E. coli Listeria moncytogenes |
|
What are the common causes fo meningitis in the following age range:
6 mos to 6 yo? |
Strep pneumoniae
N. meningitidis H. influ Enterovirus |
|
What are the common causes fo meningitis in the following age range:
6 yo to 60 yo? |
Strep pneumoniae
N. meningitidis Enterovirus HSV |
|
What are the common causes fo meningitis in the following age range:
Over 60 yo? |
Strep pneumonia
Gram Neg rods Listeria |
|
What structures form Hesselbach's triangle?
|
Inferior epigastric artery
Rectus abdominis m. Inguinal ligament |
|
What genetic defect is responsible for achondroplasia?
|
FGF receptor cell signaling defect
|
|
A genetic defect in which proteins results in hereditary spherocytosis?
|
Spectrin
Ankyrin |
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Associated with floppy mitral valve, dissecting aortic aneurysm, berry aneurysm? |
Marfan syndrome
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Associated with MVP, liver disease, berry aneurysms? |
ADPKD
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Neural tumors and pigmented iris hamartomas? |
NF Type 1
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Very strong assocation with colon cancer? |
Familial adenomatous polyposis
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
MI before age of 20? |
Familial hypercholesteroiemia
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Hemangioblastoma of retina/cerebellum/medulla? |
von Hippel-Lindau
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Increased MCHC, hemolytic anemia? |
Hereditary spherocytosis
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Bilateral acoutic neuromas? |
NF Type 2
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Facial lesions, seizure disorder, cancer risk? |
Tuberous sclerosis
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Caudate atrophy, dementia? |
Huntington's disease
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Cystic medial necrosis of aorta? |
Marfan's Syndrome
|
|
What AD disease fits the following statement:
Defect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 3? |
Achondroplasia
|
|
What are some of the disorders resulting from trinucleotide repeats?
|
Huntington's
Fragile X Syndrome Friedreich ataxia Myotonic dystrophy |
|
What HY path fits the following statement:
Strawberry tongue? |
Scarlet fever
Kawasaki disease Toxic shock syndrome |
|
What HY path fits the following statement:
Testing tremor, rigidity? |
Parkinson disease
|
|
What HY path fits the following statement:
Rash on palms and soles? |
Secondary syphilis
Rocky Mt Spotted Fever Cox A virus |
|
What HY path fits the following statement:
What are the toxic SEs of tricyclic antidepressants? |
Convulsions
Coma Cardiotoxicity Hyperpyrexia Respiratory depression |
|
In which glomerular disease would you expect the following change:
IF: Anti-GBM Ab? |
Goodpasture syndrome
|
|
In which glomerular disease would you expect the following change:
LM: Kimmelstiel-Wilson Lesions? |
Diabetic nephropathy
|
|
In which glomerular disease would you expect the following change:
EM: "Spike and dome" appearance |
Membranous GN
|
|
In which glomerular disease would you expect the following change:
EM: "Tram track" appearance on subendothelial humps |
membranoproliferative GN
|
|
In which glomerular disease would you expect the following change:
EM: Subepithelial humps? |
Acute post-strep GN
|
|
What is the name of the genetic disease that fits the following description:
Marcoorchidism and autism? |
Fragrile X syndome
|
|
What is the name of the genetic disease that fits the following description:
Endocardial cushion defects are common? |
Down syndrome
|
|
What is the name of the genetic disease that fits the following description:
Recurrent pulmonary infections, steatorrhea? |
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
What is the name of the genetic disease that fits the following description:
Associated with Alzheimer disease after age 35? |
Down Syndrome
|
|
What is the name of the genetic disease that fits the following description:
Excess fibro-fatty tissue deposits amongst muscle? |
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
|
|
What gene is defective in cystic fibrosis?
|
CFTR gene on chromosome 7
|
|
What is the traditional test used to dx cystic fibrosis?
|
Sweat Chloride Test
|
|
Inheritance pattern of the following disorders:
ADPKD Familial adenomatous polypsis Familial hypercholesterolemia Hereditary spherocytosis Huntington's disease Marfan Syndrome Infantile PKD Hemochromatosis |
AD
|
|
Inheritance pattern of the following disorders:
Mucopolysaccharides (expect Hunter's) Phenylketouria (PKU) Sickle cells anemia Thalassemia |
AR
|
|
Inheritance pattern of the following disorders:
Bruton agammaglobuliemia Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome Fabry disease G6PD deficiency Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome Duchenne muscular dystrophy Hemophilia A and B |
XR
|
|
What is the clincial use of clomiphene?
|
Infertility
Partial agonist estrogen receptors in hypothalamus Induces FSH secretion Stimulates follicles |
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Minocycline? |
Tetracycline
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Gentamycin? |
Aminoglycoside
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Erythromycin? |
Macrolides
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Tobramycin? |
Aminoglycosides
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Azithromycin? |
Macrolides
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Doxycycline? |
Tetracycline
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Amikacin? |
Aminoglycosides
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Neomycin? |
Aminoglycoside
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Clarithromycin? |
Macrolide
|
|
Classify the following Abx as an aminoglycoside, macrolide, or tetracycline:
Clindamycin? |
Protein synthesis inhibitor (linezoamide)
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Smudge cell? |
CLL
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
S3 heart sound |
Dilate cardiomyopathy
Post-MI LV failure MR L to R shunt |
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia? |
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Ferruginous bodies? |
Asbestosis
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Myocyte disarray? |
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Currant jelly stool? |
Intussusception
|
|
What pathology fits the following description:
Sacroilitis? |
Ankylosing spongylitis
|
|
Adverse rxn from mixing succinylcholine with inhaled anesthetics?
|
Malignant hyperthermia
|
|
Other than Rx, what are some other causes of gynecomastia?
|
Klinefiter syndrome
Hyperestrogen states Old age Cirrhosis Testicular tumors |
|
What organism is most commonly responsible for acute mastitis?
|
Staph aureus
|
|
What is the classic presenting complaints in a patient with intraductal papilloma?
|
"Straw-colored"/ yellow nipple discharge
+/- bloody discharge |
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Most common breat tumor in women under 25? |
Fibroadenoma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Most common breast mass in postmenopausal women? |
Invasive ductal carcinoma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Most common breast mass in premenopausal women? |
Fibrocystic change of breast
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Most common form of breast cancer? |
Invasive ductal carcinoma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Small, mobile, firm mass with sharp edges in 24 yr old woman? |
Fibroadenoma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Histo: "Leaf-like projections"? |
Phyllodes tumor
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Signet ring cells? |
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Invasive lobular carcinoma |
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Loss of e-cadherin cell adhesion gene on chromosome 16? |
Invasive lobular carcinoma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Always ER (+) and PR (+)? |
Lobular carcinoma in situ
Invasive lobular carcinoma |
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Commonly presents with nipple discharge? |
Intraductal papilloma
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Eczematous patches on nipple? |
Paget disease of breast
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Multiple bilateral fluid-filled lesions wtih diffuse breast pain? |
Fibrocystic change of breast
|
|
What breast pathology fits the following description:
Firm, fibrous mass in 55 yr old woman? |
Invasive ductal carcinoma
|
|
A 58 yr old postmenopausal woman is on tamoxifen. What is she at increased risk of acquiring?
|
Endometrial cancer
|
|
Most common cancer in women in US
|
Breat cancer
|
|
Most common benign breast tumor
|
FIbroadenoma
|
|
Most common malignant breast tumor
|
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
|
|
Blue dome cyst in breast
|
Fibrocystic change
|
|
Tx for ER (+) breast cancer
|
Tamoxifen
|
|
Red, itchy, swollen rash on areola and nipple
|
Paget disease of breast
|
|
What are some of the clincial effects of zinc deficiency?
|
Delayed wound healing
Hypogonadism Decreased adult hair (axillary, facial, pubic) Problems with taste and smell Predisposition to cirrhosis from EtOH |
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Microcytic anemia and > 3.5% HbA2? |
Beta-thalassemia minor
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Megaloblastic anemia not correctable by Vit B12 or folate? |
Orotic aciduria
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Megaloblastic anemia along with peripheral neuropathy? |
Vit B12 deficiency
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Microcytic anemia + basophilic stippling? |
Lead poisioning
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Microcytic anemia reversible with vit B6? |
Sideroblastic anemia
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
HIV positive patient with macrocytic anemia? |
Zidovudine
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Normocytic anemia + Red urine in the morning? |
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobiauria
|
|
What is the cause of anemia given the following statement:
Normocytic anemia and elevated Cre? |
Chronic kidney disease
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
Rb? |
Retinoblastoma
Osteosarcoma |
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
DPC? |
Pancreatic cancer
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
p53? |
Most cancers
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
APC? |
colorectal cancer associated with FAP
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
WTI? |
Wilm's tumor
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
BRCA 1? |
Breast and ovarian cancer
|
|
What type of cancer is associated with the following tumor suppressor:
BRCA 2? |
Breast cancer
|
|
What name is given to chronic compulsive hair pulling common in young girls?
|
Trichotillomania
|
|
What stimulant medications are commonly used in tx of ADHD?
|
Methyphenidate
Dextroamphetamine |
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Females only, loss of previously acquire purposeful hand skills b/t 6-30 months? |
Rett syndrome
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Impairments in social interactions, communications, play, repetitive behaviors? |
Autistic disorder
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Impairment in social interactions (but not avoidance), no language delay? |
Asperger's disorder
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Ignoring the basic rights of others? |
Conduct disorder
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Stereotyped hand movements? |
Rett syndrome
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Characterized by hostility, annoyance, vindictiveness, disobedience, and resentfulness? |
Oppositional defiant disorder
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Multiple motor and vocal tics? |
Tourette's syndrome
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
Impulsive and inattentive? |
ADHD
|
|
Which childhood psychiatric disorder matches the following statement:
7 yr old that avoids going to school stay home with parent? |
Separation anxiety disorder
|
|
What is the difference b/t binge eating disorder and compulsive eating disorder?
|
Binge eating disorder
Negative feelings towards food Binges are expression of deeper problem Compulsive eating disorder pt obsessed with food |
|
Most common Rx for ADHD
|
Methylphenidate
|
|
Most common medication for bulimia nervosa
|
SSRIs
|
|
What eye abnormality is seen in a patient with MS and internuclear ophthalmoplegia?
|
MLF syndrome
Convergence is normal On lateral gaze: aBducting eye has nystagmus; aDducting eye is unable to aDduct |
|
A man in his 40s begins to develop early dementia and uncontrollable movements of his UEs/ In what portion of the brain do you expect to see atrophy?
|
Huntington's disease
Caudate and putamen |
|
A pateint with cortical lesion and left arm paralysis is unaware of his neurologic deficiency. Where is the lesion?
|
Non-Dominant Right parietal lobe
Spatial neglect syndrome/ Hemineglect syndrome |
|
Mydriasis
Used topically as VC |
Cocaine
|
|
Nystagmus when looking up/down and aBducting/aDducting
Crazy and violent |
PCP
|
|
Miosis
Drooling and sweating |
Organophosphate
|
|
Miosis
Constipation |
Morphine
|
|
Mydriasis
Used for ADHD |
Amphetamines
|
|
Red eye
Social withdrawal |
Marijuana
|
|
Mydriasis
Hallucinations and flashbacks |
LSD
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Post-op constipation and/or respiratory depression? |
Opioids intoxication
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Severe depression, headache, fatigue, insomnia/hypersomnia, hunger? |
Cocaine withdrawal
Amphentamine withdrawal |
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Pinpoint pupils, N/V, seizures? |
Opioid overdose
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Belligerence, impulsiveness, nystagmus, homicidal ideations, psychosis? |
PCP intox
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Headache, anxiety/depression, wt gain? |
Nicotine or caffeine withdrawal
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Anxiety/depression, delusions, hallucinations, flashbacks? |
LSD intox.
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Euphoria, social withdrawal, impaired judgment, hallucinations? |
Marijuana Intox.
|
|
What Rx intoxication or withdrawal is causing the following Sx in the following patients:
Rebound anxiety, tremors, seizures, life-threatening? |
Withdrawal from EtOH, Benzos, or Barbs
|
|
What weak opioid agonist is commonly used in chronic pain control prior to prescribing stronger opioids?
|
Tramadol
|
|
What is the tx for a patient that is overly intoxicated with the following:
EtOH intoxicaiton? |
Fluids
Respiratory monitoring Blood EtOH monitoring Time |
|
What is the tx for a patient that is overly intoxicated with the following:
Benzo Intoxication? |
Flumazenil
|
|
What is the tx for a patient that is overly intoxicated with the following:
PCP Intoxicaiton? |
Benzo
Haloperidol |
|
What is the tx for a patient that is overly intoxicated with the following:
Opioid Intoxication? |
Naloxone
Naltrexone |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
Nitrosamines? |
Stomach cancer
Esophageal cancer Colon cancer |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
Asbestos? |
Mesothelioma
Bronchogenic carcinoma |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
Naphthalene? |
Transitional cell carcinoma of the Bladder
|
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
Arsenic? |
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
Angiosarcoma of Liver |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
EBV? |
Burkitt's lymphoma
Hodgkins lymphoma Nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
HPV? |
Cervical cancer
Penile/anal carcinoma |
|
Which neoplasm is associated with the following statement:
Schistosoma haematabium? |
Squamous cell carcinoma of Bladder
|
|
What is the cause of ITP?
|
Anti-Gp2b/3a Ab
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Streptokinase? |
Converts plasminogen to plasmin which cleaves fibrin
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Aspirin? |
Irreversibly (-) COX 1 and 2 by acetylation --> decreases Thromboxane A2 and PG
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Clopidogrel? |
Blocks ADP receptors
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Abciximab? |
Binds to Gp2b/3a
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Tirofiban? |
Binds to Gp2b/3a
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Ticlopidine? |
blocks ADP receptors
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Enoxaparin? |
Catalyzes AT 3 formation and activation
|
|
What is the MOA of the following Rx:
Eptifibatide? |
Binds Gp2b/3a receptor on platelets
|
|
What are some of the (+) Sx of schizophrenia?
What are some of the (-) Sx? |
(+) Sx
Delusions Auditory Hallucinations Disorganized speech (loose associations) Disorganzied/catatonic behavior (-) Sx Flat affect Social withdrawal Lack of motivation Lack of speech/thought Thought blocking Poor grooming |
|
High potency neuroleptics
"Try to FLy High" |
Thiothixene
Trifluoperazine Fluphenazine Loxapine Haloperidol |
|
Low potency neuroleptics
"Cheating Thieves are low" |
Chlorpromazine
Thioridazine |
|
Atypical antipsychotics
"It's atypical for Old Closets to Quietly Risper from A to Z" |
Olanzapine
Clozapine Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Ziprasidone |
|
What are the clincial features of neuroleptic malignant syndrome? How is it treated?
|
Clinical Px: "FEVER"
Fever Enephalopathy --> delirium/MS changes Vitals unstable Elevated enzymes --> myoglobinuria Rigiditiy of mm. Tx: Dantrolene (D2 agonist) |
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Most common leukemia in childerm? |
ALL
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Most common leukemia in adults in US? |
CL
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Characteristic Auer rods? |
AML
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Greater than 20% blasts in marrow? |
Acute leukemia
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Leukemia with more mature cells and less than 5% blasts? |
Chronic leukemias
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
PAS (+) acute leukemia? |
ALL
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Always positive for t (9.22)? |
CML
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Acute leukemia positive for peroxidase? |
AML
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Solid sheets of lyphoblasts in marrow? |
ALL
|
|
What forms of leukemia match the following statement:
Always associated with BCR-ABL gene? |
CML
|
|
What histo changes takes place in trachea of smokers?
|
Metaplasia
Columnar --> squamous epithelium |
|
What are the criteria for teh dx of major depressive episode?
"SIG E CAPS" |
Sleep disturbance
Loss of Interest Guilt/feeling of worthlessness Energy loss Concentration loss Appetite/wt changes Psychomotor retardation/agitation Suicidal ideations Depressed mood |
|
What is atypical depression?
|
Hypersomnia
Overeating Mood reactivity Rejection hypersensitivity |
|
A patient mentions that he had had thoughts of suicide. What question should you ask to help determine how high-risk he is?
"SAD PERSONS" |
Sex
Age Depression Previous attempts Ethanol Rational thinking loss Sickness Organizated plan No social support State future intent |
|
A pateint tries to commit suicide by slitting her wrists. After she is appropriately managed in the ER, what question would you ask the patient in order to determine her level of cmmitment of trying to take her own life?
|
"What did you do after the suicide attempt?"
|
|
A 28 yr old woman has Sx of mild depression for 6 years. What's the dx?
|
Dysthymia
|
|
Sliver stain: Gram neg rods
|
Legionella
|
|
What blood test is done to confirm SLE dx?
|
ANA
|
|
What is the MOA for the following Rx class:
SSRI? |
5-HT reuptake inhibitor
|
|
What is the MOA for the following Rx class:
SNRI? |
(-) 5-HT3 and NE reuptake
|
|
What is the MOA for the following Rx class:
TCA? |
Block reuptake of NE and 5-HT3
|
|
What is the MOA for the following Rx class:
MAOI? |
Nonselective MAO inhibition --> (-) enzyme that metabolizes and inactivates NE
|
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
SSRI? |
Fluoxetine
Sertraline Paroxetine Citalopram Fluvoxamine |
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
NDRI? |
Bupropion
|
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
TCA? |
Imipramine
Amitripyline Desipramine Nortriptyline Clomipramine Doxepin |
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
MAOI? "Take Pride in Shanghai" |
Tranylcypromine
Phenelzine Selegiline |
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
SNRI? |
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine Milnacipran Nefazodone |
|
What antidepressants fit into the following Rx class:
Tetracyclines? |
"-iptyline"
"-ipramine" Trazodone Mirtazapine |
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
SE: priapism? |
Trazodone
|
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
Lowers the seizure threshold? |
Bupropion
TCAs |
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
Works well with SSRIs and increases REM sleep? |
Trazodone
|
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
Appetite stimulant that is likely to result in wt gain? |
Mirtazapine
|
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
Can be used for smoking cessation? |
Bupropion
|
|
Which antidepressant matches the following statement:
Can be used for bedwtting in children? |
Imipramine
|
|
What are the Sx of TCA overdose?
|
Convulsions
Coma Cardiotoxicity Hyperpyrexia Respiratory depression |
|
What are the Sx of serotonin syndrome?
|
M. rigidity
Hyperthermia CV collapse |
|
What happens if you ingest tyramine while on MAOIs?
|
HTN crisis
Hemorrhagic stroke Arrhythmias |
|
Tx for claustrophobia?
|
Benzodiazepine
|
|
A young woman is anxious about a pap smear and is told to relax and to imagine going though the steps of the exam. What does this process exemplify?
|
Systematic desensitization
|
|
A nurse has episodes of hypoglycemia. Blood analysis reveals no elevation in C-peptide. What is the dx?
|
Malingering/Factiticous disorder
Exogenous insulin |
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
Unexplained pain? |
Pain disorder
|
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
Patient with normal anatomy is convinced a part of their anatomy is abnormal? |
Body dysmorphic disorder
|
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
Unexplained loss of sensory or motor function (tests and PE are negative)? |
Conversion disorder
|
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
Unwavering belief by the patien that she has a specific disease (despite medial reassurance)? |
Hypochondriasis
|
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
Unexplained complaints in multiple organ systems? |
Somatization disorder
|
|
What somatoform disorder mathcs the following description:
False belief of being pregnant? |
Pseudocyesis
|
|
Which ECG leads will show evidence of ischemia in inferior wall MI?
|
Lead 2, 3 and avF
|
|
A 40 yr old woman tells you during an office visit that she love you. You refer her to someone else, and she attempts suicide. What type of personality disorder does she have?
|
Borderline personality disorder
|
|
Patient claims you are the best doctor in the whole world but says your nurse is very disrespectful. On a later date, she threatens to change doctors b/c you will not get a particular labe test. You notice cuts on her forearm and she says they are cat straches. What type of personality disorder does the patient have?
|
Borderline personality disorder
|
|
A person demands only the best and most famous doctor in town. What personaltiy disorder does this person have?
|
Narcissistic personality disoder
|
|
What are the cluster A personality disorders?
|
Paranoid
Schizoid Schizotypal |
|
What are cluster B personality disorders?
|
Antisocial
Borderline Histamine Narcissistic |
|
What are the cluster C personality disorders?
|
Avoidant
Obsessive-compulsive dependent |
|
Which immune deficiency matches the following description:
Anaphylaxis on exposure to blood products with IgA? |
Selective Ig Deficiency (B cell disorder)
|
|
Which immune deficiency matches the following description:
Coarse facial features, abscesses, eczema? |
Hyper-IgE Syndrome aka Job Syndrome (T cell disorder)
|
|
Which immune deficiency matches the following description:
Thrombocytopenia, purpura, infections, eczema? |
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (B and T cell disorder)
|
|
Which immune deficiency matches the following description:
Delayed separation of the umbilicus? |
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type 1 (Phagocytic disorder)
|
|
Which immune deficiency matches the following description:
Neuro defects, partial albinism, recurrent infections? |
Chediak-Higashi syndrome (Phagocytic disorder)
|
|
Systolic mumur
LEFT midclavicular line Loudest at the apex and radiates toward axilla Enhanced on LEFT lateral side Incresed TRP (squatting, hand grip) Increased LA return (expiration) |
MR
|
|
Diastolic mumur
RIGHT 2nd/3rd intercostal space Wide pulse P Bounding pulse Head bobbing VD decreases murmur intensity |
AR
|
|
Where does new bone formation take place in growing long bones?
|
Epiphyseal plate
|
|
What cells types are most similar to osteoclasts?
|
Macrophages/monocytes
|
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Reversible when vit D is replaced? |
Osteomalacia
Rickets |
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Excess osteoclastic activity results in disorganized architecture? |
Paget's disease of the bone
|
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Bone is replaced by fibroblasts, collagen, and irregular bony trabeculae? |
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
|
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Soft bones due to defective mineralization of osteoid? |
Osteomalacia
Rickets |
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Failure of bone resorption --> thickened and dense bones? |
Osteopetrosis (marble bone disease)
|
|
Which bony disease fit the following description:
Genetic deficiency of carbonic anhydrase II? |
Osteopetrosis
|
|
Paget Disease
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: nornal
Serum P: normal Alk Phos: Increased PTH: normal |
|
Osteomalacia/Rickets
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: Decreased
Serum P: Decreased Alk Phos: normal/increased PTH: Increased |
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: Increased
Serum P: Decreased Alk Phos: Increased PTH: Increased |
|
Osteoporosis
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: normal
Serum P: normal Alk Phos: normal PTH: normal |
|
Osteopetrosis
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: Normal
Serum P: Normal Alk Phos: Normal PTH: Normal |
|
Renal Insuffiency
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: Decreased
Serum P: Increased Alk Phos: Nomral PTH: Increased |
|
Primary HyperPTHism
Serum Ca? Serum P? Alk Phos? PTH? |
Serum Ca: Increased
Serum P: Decreased Alk Phos: Increased PTH: Increased |
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Most common malignant primary bone tumor in adults? |
Multiple myeloma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Most common bengin bone tumor? |
Osteochondroma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
11;22 translocation? |
Ewing sarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
May actually be a hamartoma? |
Osteochondroma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Codman's triangle on XR? |
Osteosarcoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Associaed wtih Gardner syndrome? |
Osteoma
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Bone enlargement, bone pain, and arthritis, increased hat size |
Paget's disease of the bone
|
|
Which primary bone tumor fits the following description:
Vertebral compression fractures |
Osteoporosis
|
|
When does implantation of the ovum take place?
|
6 days after fertilization
|
|
What ligments are typically injured during an ankle sprain?
|
1) Anterior talofibular ligament
2) Calcaneofibular ligament 3) Posterior talofibular ligament |
|
What is the leading cause of knee pain in patients younger than 45?
|
Patellofemoral syndrome
|
|
What is the other name for housemaid's knee?
|
Prepatellar bursitis
|
|
Which muscles of the Rotator cuff are responsbile for the following action:
Initial 15 degrees of arm aBduction? |
Supraspinatus m.
Empty can test |
|
Which muscles of the Rotator cuff are responsbile for the following action:
Lateral rotation of arm? |
Infraspinatous m.
Teres minor m. |
|
Which muscles of the Rotator cuff are responsbile for the following action:Medial rotation of arm?
|
Subscapularis m.
|
|
Which Abx class is known to increase the risk of tendon rupture in adults?
|
Fluoroquinolones
|
|
Anterior drawer sign
|
ACL tear
|
|
Bones of the wrist
"Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle" |
Scaphoid
Lunate Triquetrum Prisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate |
|
What is the classic feature of OA?
|
Pain in wt bearing joints at end of the day (after use) that improves with rest
|
|
By what mechanism do NSAIDS cause renal disease?
|
(-) PG --> renal VC --> decrease renal perfusion
|
|
What Rx are used in tx of acute gout exacerbation?
|
NSAIDS
Colchicine Steriods |
|
What Rx can be used in tx of chronic gout?
|
Probenecid
Allopurinol Fe buxostat Longterm NSAIDs, colchicine |
|
What are the classic Sx of Sjogren syndrome?
|
Xerophthalmia
Dry eyes, "Sand in my eyes" Xerostomia Dry mouth Arthritis |
|
Swollen, red, acutely painful great toe joint
|
Gout
|
|
Swollen, hard; painful finger joints?
|
RA
|
|
Swollen, boggy; painful finger joints?
|
OA
|
|
Arthritis, dry mouth, dry eyes?
|
Sjogren syndrome
|
|
Postitively birefringent rhomboid-shaped crystals?
|
Pseudogout
|
|
Negatively birefringent needle-shaped crystals?
|
Gout
|
|
Cartialge erosion with polished bone beneath?
|
OA
|
|
Painful lesions on fingertips
|
Osler node
Infective endocarditis |
|
Bony growths on knuckles of ppl with OA
|
PIP joint: Bouchard
DIP joint: Heberden |
|
HLA B27 (+)
"PAIR" |
Psoriatic arthritis
Ankylosing spondylitis at SI joint IBD Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome) |
|
What is the mechanism and time-frame of acute transplant rejection?
|
Mechanism
Cell-mediated due to CTLs reacting against foreign MHCs Time-frame: Weeks following transplant |
|
What are the manifestations of CREST scleroderma?
|
Calcinosis
Raynaud's phenomenon Esophageal dysmotility Sclerodactyly Telangiectasia Anti-centromere Ab |
|
A patient presents with photosenstiivity, arthritis, renal disease and recurrent oral ulcers is taking primaquine and NSAIDs. What type of check-up should she be receiving twice a year?
|
Dx: SLE
Renal evaluation b.c of Renal disease |
|
What is the cause of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
|
Frame shifted mutation --> dystrophin gene deletion
|
|
What are some of the characteristics of polymyositis that distinguish it from polymyalgia rheumatic?
|
Polymyositis
Progressive symmetric proximal m. weakness Increased CK Increased aldolase (+) ANA (+) Anti-Jo 1 Polymyagia rheumatic Joint pain but NO m. pain Malar rash Gottorn's papule Mechanics hand Normal CK Normal aldolase |
|
What Rx category is often used in tx of Myasthenia gravis?
|
AChE inhibitors
|
|
Bamboo spine
|
Ankylosing spndylitis
|
|
Anti-smith and anti-dsDNA Ab
|
SLE
|
|
Anti-histone Ab
|
Drug-induced SLE
|
|
Anti-centromere Ab
"C for centromere and CREST" |
CREST scleroderma
|
|
Anti-topoisomerase Ab
|
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
|
|
Most common cause of death in SLE
|
Lupus nephropathy
"Loop-wire" |
|
Most common cardiac manifestation of SLE
|
Libmann-Sacks endocarditis
|
|
Painless oral ulcers
|
SLE
|
|
In which genetic disorder would you find acanthocytosis of RBCs and excess lipids in enterocytes?
|
Abetalipoproteinemia
|
|
FGF receptor 3
|
Achondroplasia
|
|
FMR1 gene?
|
Fragile X Syndrome
|
|
Caused by epidermis hyperproliferation
Px: yellow greasy scales on scalps or erythema/white flaky scales on face |
Seborrheic dermatitis
Cradle cap |
|
What are some of the hallmark features of necrotizing fasciitis?
What organism causes this infection? |
Px: Rapidly spreading cellulitis; Tenderness beyond red borders
Organism Anaerobic bacteria Group A strep (Strep pyogenes) |
|
What organism causes painless white patches on the tongue that cannot be scraped off?
|
Hairy leukoplakia
AIDS patients with EBV |
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Pruritic, purple, polygonal papules? |
Lichen planus
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Life threatening rash with bullae? |
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Toxic epidermal necrolysis Pemphigus vulgaris |
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Pruritis assocatied wtih asthma? |
Atopic dermatitis (eczema)
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Pruritic vesicles associated with celiac disease? |
Dermatitis herpetiforms
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Allergy to nickel? |
Allergic contact dermatitis (Type 4 HSN rxn)
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Thickened scar esp. around face/chest? |
Keloid (hypertrophic scarring)
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
(-) Nikolsy's sign Spares oral mucosa Ab against epidermal BM (hemidesmosomes)? |
Bullous pemphigoid
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
(+) Nikolsy's sign Oral mucosa ulcers Ab against cell-cell adhesions (desmosomes)? |
Pemphigus vulgaris
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Parakeratotic scaling? |
Psorasis
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Keratin-filled cysts? |
Seborrheic keratosis
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Sand-paper; predisposition to sqaumous cell cancer? |
Actinic keratsis
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Skin rash and proximal muscle weakness? |
Dermatomyositis
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Honey-crusting leions common about the nose and lips? |
Impetigo
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Hyperkeratosis and koilocytosis? |
Verrucae
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Histo: palisading nuclei? |
Basal cell carcinoma of skin
|
|
Which skin disorder matches the following statement:
Nuclei in stranum corneum? |
Psorasis
|
|
Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
|
Squamous cell carcinoma of skin
|
|
Most common malignant skin tumor
|
Basal cell carcinoma of skin
|