Dit Flashcards Day 1

Front 1

hexamethonium effects

Back 1

dominant sympathetic tone in arteries/vessels, as such blocked sympathetic tone will dilate vessels

decreased HR, CO, urine output, GI motility, pupil of the eye(will dilate)

Front 2

Nicotinic Receptors are...

Back 2

Sodium/K+ channels

Front 3

How does choline enter cell?

Back 3

Sodium cotransporter(rate limiting step)

Same way Tyrosine enters cell

Front 4

Vesamicol MOA

Back 4

blocks ChAT

Front 5

Hemicholinium MOA

Back 5

Blocks entry of Choline into neuron

Front 6

Black Widow Spider Toxin

Back 6

floods synapse with ACh

Front 7

Tyrosine Hydroxylase catalyzes what reaction? What inhibits this?

Back 7

Tyrosine --> DOPA

Metyrosine

Front 8

Review pathway of Epinephrine synthesis

Back 8

Phenylalanine --> Tyrosine --> L-DOPA --> Dopamine --> Norepinephrine --> Epinephrine

Tyrosine --> Thyroxine
L-DOPA --> melanin

Front 9

______ --> Tyrosine?

Back 9

Phenylalanine

Front 10

______ --> L-DOPA

Back 10

Tyrosine

Front 11

______ --> Norepinephrine

Back 11

Dopamine

Front 12

_____ --> Melanin

Back 12

L-DOPA

Front 13

_______ --> Thyroxine

Back 13

Tyrosine

Front 14

L-DOPA --> _______

Back 14

Melanin OR Dopamine

Front 15

Tyrosine ---> ______

Back 15

Thyroxine OR L-DOPA

Front 16

Reserpine MOA

Back 16

Blocks packaging of Dopamine into vesicles

Front 17

Reuptake Inhibitors of NE

Back 17

TCA's, cocaine, Amphetamines

Front 18

Blocks release of NE

Back 18

Bretyllium, Guanethidine

Front 19

Stimulates release of NE

Back 19

Ephedrine, Amphetamine, Tyramine

Front 20

These receptors inhibit NE release. What receptor stimulates secretion?

Back 20

alpha 2, Muscarinic 2

Angiotensin II receptor

Front 21

What substance do you not take when you're taking MAOI's?

Back 21

Tyramine(dietary) will stimulate release of NE. MAO is also in gut, which normally breaks down Tyramine. But due to MAOI, it is NOT broken down and causes hypertensive crisis.

Front 22

Byproducts of breakdown of NE

Back 22

VMA, Metanephrines, Normetanephrines

Front 23

beta 2 stimulation

Back 23

vasodilation and bronchodilation, also heart rate increase, increased contractility

Front 24

M2 stimulation

Back 24

decreases heart rate and contractility

Front 25

alpha 1 stimulation

Back 25

vascular smooth muscle contraction

Front 26

Gq

Back 26

Phospholipase C -->

IP3 increases Ca+
DAG activates Protein Kinase C

Front 27

M1 stimulation

Back 27

CNS, enteric nervous system

Front 28

M3 stimulation

Back 28

increase exocrine gland secretions, increase gut peristalsis, increase bladder contraction/bronchoconstriction

Front 29

D1 stimulation

Back 29

relaxes renal vascular smooth muscle

Front 30

D2 stimulation

Back 30

brain

Front 31

H1 receptor

Back 31

nasal/bronchial secretions, pruritis(allergies)

Front 32

H2 receptor

Back 32

Gastric acid secretion

Front 33

V1 stimulation

Back 33

vascular smooth muscle contraction

Front 34

V2 stimulation

Back 34

increase H2O permeability in kidney

V2 is found in 2 kidneys

Front 35

Phase I metabolism

Back 35

more polar

reduction, oxidation, hydrolysis

Front 36

Phase II metabolism

Back 36

very polar, inactive metabolites, renally excreted

acetylation, glucuronidation, sulfation

Front 37

Pyridostigmine

Back 37

get RID of MG

Front 38

Edrophonium

Back 38

Diagnose MG(Tinsillin Test)

Front 39

Physostigmine

Back 39

fixes atropine overdose, glaucoma

Front 40

Echothiophate

Back 40

glaucoma

Front 41

Alzheimer's Drugs

Back 41

Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine

Front 42

Organophosphates MOA

Back 42

ACh Esterase inhibitor

Front 43

Drug for anaphylactic shock

Back 43

Epinephrine

Front 44

Drug for septic shock

Back 44

Norepinephrine

Front 45

Dopamine uses

Back 45

increases renal perfusion, heart failure

D1 = D2 > Beta > alpha

Front 46

Drug for cardiogenic shock

Back 46

Dobutamine

Front 47

Cardiac stress testing drug of choice

Back 47

Dobutamine

Front 48

Phenylephrine effects

Back 48

pupillary dilation, vasoconstriction, nasal decongestion

Front 49

Acute Asthma. Long term treatment?

Back 49

Metaproterenol, Albuterol

Long term - Salmeterol

Front 50

Premature Uterine Contractions

Back 50

Terbutaline, Ritodrine

Front 51

Uptake inhibitors

Back 51

Cocaine, TCA, Amphetamine

Front 52

Stimulates release of NE

Back 52

Ephedrine, Amphetamines, Tyramine

Front 53

Heart rate response to NE?

Back 53

reflex bradycardia

Front 54

Heart rate response to Isoproterenol?

Back 54

Reflex tachycardia

beta 1 -- increases heart rate
beta 2 -- vasodilates

Front 55

alpha 2 agonists

Back 55

clonidine, alpha methyldopa

Front 56

What side effect does Clonidine have?

Back 56

rebound hypertension if a dose is missed...

Front 57

What is a notable use of alpha methyldopa?

Back 57

maintain BP in pregnancy

Front 58

Notable about levalbuterol?

Back 58

Does NOT have beta 1 effects, so can give to people with heart failure

Front 59

beta blockers that treat MI?

Back 59

Metoprolol, Carvedilol

Front 60

glaucoma beta blocker

Back 60

timolol

Front 61

Cocaine overdose. Response to beta blockers?

Back 61

BAD, will cause hypertensive crisis.

Cocaine causes noradrenergic stimulation of all alpha AND beta. Beta 2 vasodilation mediates the crisis. But with beta blockers will then cause unopposed alpha stimulation.

Front 62

Open angle glaucoma(wide angle)

Back 62

obstructed OUTFLOW(canal of Schlemm)

common, insidious, loss of peripheral vision

Front 63

Closed angle glaucoma(narrow angle)

Back 63

abrupt, painful, lens sticks to iris. pupil NOT reactive to light

EMERGENCY

Front 64

What is contraindicated in closed angle glaucoma?

Back 64

Atropine/Epinephrine/Mydriasis causing drugs.

Front 65

60 yr old man, halos, worsening vision, night driving

Back 65

cataracts

Front 66

Glaucoma Drugs

Back 66

alpha agonist(Epinephrine, Brimonidine) -- NOT IN CLOSED ANGLE
beta blockers
cholinomimetics
diurectics
prostoglandins

Front 67

Acetazolamide

Back 67

Diuretic, Glaucoma

Front 68

Mannitol

Back 68

Diuretic, Glaucoma

Front 69

Increases outflow of aqueous humor

Back 69

Cholinomimetics, Prostaglandin

Pilocarpine, Carbachol, Physostigmine, Echothiophate,

Latanoprost

Front 70

Phenoxybenzamine

Back 70

Irreversible non selective alpha blocker

Front 71

Phentolamine

Back 71

reversible non selective alpha blocker

Front 72

urinary retention/BPH

Back 72

alpha 1 blockers -- -zosin's

also treats HTN

Front 73

1st dose orthostatic Hypotension

Back 73

alpha 1 blockers -- -zosin's

Front 74

alpha 1 antagonist that does not have a -zosin ending

Back 74

Tamsulosin -- used for BPH. Selective for smooth muscle receptors on prostate and does not vasodilate

Front 75

sedation and increases appetite

Back 75

Mirtazapine(alpha 2 blocker)

Front 76

medial epicondyle fracture

Back 76

ulnar n

Front 77

hook of hamate fracture

Back 77

ulnar n

Front 78

dislocated lunate

Back 78

median n

Front 79

carpal tunnel

Back 79

median n

Front 80

midshaft fracture of humerus

Back 80

radial n in spiral groove

Front 81

Klumpke's Palsy

Back 81

--Thenar/Hypothenar atrophy
--Interosseus Muscles Atrophy
--Sensory Deficits on the medial side of the forearm and hand
--Disappearance of pulse upon moving head towards ipsilateral side

Front 82

fracture of surgical neck

Back 82

axillary n

Front 83

dislocation of the humerus

Back 83

axillary n

Front 84

intramuscular injections on arm

Back 84

axillary n

Front 85

Subluxation of radius

Back 85

deep branch of radial n

Front 86

superficial laceration of thenar region

Back 86

recurrent branch of median n

Front 87

trauma to heel of hand

Back 87

ulnar n

Front 88

repeated minor trauma to elbow region

Back 88

ulnar n

Front 89

compressed in deep forearm

Back 89

ant. interosseus n(branch of median n)

Front 90

supracondylar fracture of humerus

Back 90

median n

Front 91

pronator teres syndrome

Back 91

median n

Front 92

compressed in axilla by incorrect crutch usage

Back 92

radial n

Front 93

pancoast tumor of lung

Back 93

klumpke's palsy

Front 94

cervical disk lesion

Back 94

c7

Front 95

lateral epicondylitis

Back 95

tennis

Front 96

medial epicondylitis

Back 96

golf

Front 97

hangs by side, medial rotation, forearm pronated

Back 97

Erb Duchenne

Front 98

Axillary Nerve Roots

Back 98

C5, C6

Front 99

Radial Nerve roots

Back 99

C5-C8

Front 100

Median Nerve roots

Back 100

C6-C8, T1

Front 101

Ulnar Nerve roots

Back 101

C8,T1

Front 102

Musculocutaneous nerve roots

Back 102

C5-C7

Front 103

Saturday night palsy

Back 103

Radial nerve

Front 104

wrist drop

Back 104

radial nerve

Front 105

flattened deltoid

Back 105

axillary nerve

Front 106

ulnar deviation of wrist upon wrist flexion

Back 106

median nerve

Front 107

radial deviation of wrist upon wrist flexion

Back 107

ulnar nerve

Front 108

ape hand

Back 108

thenar atrophy, loss of opposability of thumb

median nerve

Front 109

interosseus innervation

Back 109

ulnar(abduct and adduct fingers)

Front 110

extension of 4th/5th fingers

Back 110

ulnar nerve(lumbricals)

Front 111

opposition of thumb

Back 111

median n

Front 112

adduction of thumb

Back 112

ulnar nerve

Front 113

lateral forearm sensory

Back 113

Musculocutaneous nerve

Front 114

posterior arm sensory

Back 114

radial nerve

Front 115

total claw hand needs lesion where?

Back 115

C8, T1

Front 116

pronation of forearm

Back 116

median nerve

Front 117

supination of forearm

Back 117

musculocutaneous(biceps) and radial nerve(supinator)

Front 118

arm abduction

Back 118

axillary nerve

Front 119

suprascapular nerve innervates

Back 119

infraspinatus muscle which is a lateral rotator

Front 120

forearm extension

Back 120

triceps, radial nerve

Front 121

initial ten degrees of arm abduction

Back 121

suprascapular nerve innervating supraspinatus muscle

Front 122

after initial ten degrees of arm abduction

Back 122

deltoid via axillary nerve

Front 123

raising arm above horizontal

Back 123

serratus anterior(Long thoracic) and trapezius(Spinal Accesory Nerve)

Front 124

Posterior Circumflex artery

Back 124

-- Axillary Nerve

Front 125

Deep brachial artery

Back 125

-- Radial Nerve

Front 126

Brachial Artery

Back 126

-- Median Nerve

Front 127

Posterior Interosseus Artery

Back 127

-- Deep branch of radian nerve