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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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age distribution of hodgkins vs nonhodgkins
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H: young and old
NH: peak 20-40 years old |
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signs and symptoms of hodgkins vs nonhodgkins
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H: low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss
NH: less constitutional signs and symptoms |
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good prognosis of hodgkins
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increased lymphocytes and decreased Reed-Sternberg cells
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nodal involvement in hodgkins vs nonhodgkins
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H: localized, single group, rare to have extranodal, contiguous spread
NH: multiple, peripheral nodes, common to have extranodal involvement, non-contiguous spread |
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defect in kartagener's syndomre
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-immotile cilia due to dynein arm defect
signs and symptoms: infertility due to immotile cilia, recurrent sinusitis, situs inversus |
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acute rheumatic fever caused by
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-antibodies to M protein
-strep pyogenes (group A strep) |
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acute rheumatic fever JONES criteria
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SPECC
-subcutaneous plaques -Polyarthritis -Erythema marginatum -Chorea -Carditis |
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MOA of cyclosporin
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binds to cyclophilins
-complex blocks the differentiation and activation of T cells by inhibiting calcineurin therefore preventing production of IL2 and its receptor |
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toxicity of cyclosporin
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-viral infections and lymphoma
-nephrotoxic -gout |
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signs of RHF
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-hepatomegaly
-ankle, sacral edema -jugular venous distension |
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signs of LHF
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-pulmonary edema, PND
-orthopnea |
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cause of hepatomegaly in RHF
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increased central venous pressure leads to increased resistance to portal flow
rare: cardiac cirrhosis |
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cause of ankle, sacral edema seen in RHF
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increased venous pressure leads to fluid transudation
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cause of jugular venous distension
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increased venous pressure
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cause of pulmonary edema seen in LHF
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increased pulmonary pressure leads to pulmonary venous distension and transudation of fluid
hemosiderin-laden macrophages in lungs |
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cause of orthopnea seen in LHF
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increased venous return in supine position exacerbates pulmonary vascular congestion
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risk factors for squamous cell CA of esophagus
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SAC
-alcohol, achalasia, cigarettes |
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risk factors for adeno CA of esophagus
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A BED
-barret's, esophageal web, esophagitis, diverticuli |
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chronic treatment options of gout
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-probenecid
-allopurinol -febuxostat |
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probenecid MOA
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inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)
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allopurinol MOA
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-inhibits xanthine oxidase
-decreases conversion of xanthine to uric acid |
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MOA of febuxostat
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-inhibits xanthine oxidase
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MOA of colchicine
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binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation (ACUTE)
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NSAIDS used in gout
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(ACUTE) Nsaids
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NSAIDS and kidney
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can cuase acute renal failure by inhibiting the renal production of PGs, which keep the afferent arterioles vasodilated to maintain GFR
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rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis
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HMGCoA reductase which converts HMGCoA into melavonate
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what class of drugs block rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis
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HMGCoA reductase inhibitors - Statins
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toxicities of aminoglycosides
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Nephro
Oto Teratogen |
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What is the antidote for warfarin anticoagulation or warfarin overdose?
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vitamin K
fresh frozen plasma |
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What is the antidote for
heparin overdose? |
protamine
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MOA for local anesthetics
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block sodium channels by binding to specific receptos on inner portion of channel, preferntially bind to activated sodium channels, so most effective in rapidly firing neurons
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order of nerve blockade for local anesthetics
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small myelinated, small unmyelinated, large myelinated, large unmyelinated
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order of sensory loss for local anesthetics
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pain, temp, touch, pressure
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cotton wool spots are seen what disorders
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diabetes and hypertension
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what are cotton wool spots
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nerve fibers are damaged by swelling in surface layer of retina
swelling is due to reduced axonal transport within nerves because of ischemia |
