Dissection Of Male And Female Urogenital Triangle

Front 1

what does the urogenital triangle contain?

Back 1

urethra and external genitalia

Front 2

what region do the posterior scrotal nerve and vessel supply?

Back 2

posterior part of the scrotum (duh)

Front 3

how do the posterior scrotal nerve enter the urogenital triangle?

Back 3

by passing lateral to the external anal sphincter muscle

Front 4

what nerve does the posterior scrotal nerve arise from?

Back 4

pudendal

Front 5

with what is the superficial fatty layer of the superficial perineal fascia continuous?

Back 5

superficial fatty layer of the abdominal wall, ischioanal fossa and thigh

Front 6

with what is membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (colles) continuous?

Back 6

scarpa's and the dartos fascia of penis and scrotum

Front 7

what is the Colles fascia of the urogenital region attached to?

Back 7

from ischiopubic ramus to ischial tuberosity posteriorly and to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane

Front 8

the Colles fascia forms the superficial boundaries of what pouch?

Back 8

the superficial perineal pouch

Front 9

what is the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in males?

Back 9

3paired muscles: superficial transverse perineal, bulbospongiosus, and ischiocavernous

also, crura of the penis and bulb of the penis

n a v that supply these structures

Front 10

attachments of bulbospongiosus muscle

Back 10

covers superficial surface of the bulb of the penis

posterior attachments: bulbospongiosus on the opposite side & perineal body

anterior: corpus cavernosum

Front 11

fxn of bulbospongiosus muscle

Back 11

expel urine or semen

Front 12

attachments of ischiocavernous muscle

Back 12

proximal: ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus
distal: crus of the penis

Front 13

schiocavernous muscle fxn

Back 13

forces blood from the crus of the penis into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum penis

Front 14

superficial transverse perineal muscle attachments

Back 14

lateral: ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus

medial: perineal body

Front 15

fxn of superficial transverse perineal muscle

Back 15

helps to support the perineal body

Front 16

what is the perineal body?

Back 16

fibromuscular mass located anterior to the anal canal and posterior to the perineal membrane that serves as an attachment for several muscles

Front 17

what are attached to the perineal membrane?

Back 17

bulb of the penis and crura

Front 18

what is the crus of the penis part of?

Back 18

the corpus cavernosum penis

Front 19

where might urine accumulate if the uretra is injured in the perineum?

Back 19

it may escape into the superficial pouch and spread into the scrotum and penis, upward into the lower abdominal wall between the Scarpa's fascia and the aponeurosis of the external oblique

Front 20

why when urethra is injured does urine not accumulate in the thigh?

Back 20

because the membranous layer of superficial fascia attaches to the fascia lata, ishiopubic ramus and posterior edge of the perineal membrane

Front 21

where does the superficial dorsal vein of the penis drain?

Back 21

into the superficial pudendal vein of the inguinal region

Front 22

drainage of the deep dorsal vein of the penis

Back 22

into prostatic venous plexus

Front 23

the dorsal artery (there are two -- one on each side of deep dorsal vein) is a terminal branch of which artery?

Back 23

internal pudendal

Front 24

what is near the two dorsal neves of the penis

Back 24

one nerve on each side of the midline, lateral to the deep dorsal artery

Front 25

the dorsal nerve of the penis is a branch of which artery?

Back 25

the pudendal nerve

Front 26

how does the deep dorsal vein enter the pelvis?

Back 26

it passes between the inferior pubic ligament and the anterior edge of the perineal membrane

Front 27

does the deep dorsal vein accompany the deep dorsal artery and dorsal nerve proximal to the body of the penis?

Back 27

NO

Front 28

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the male?

Back 28

membranous urethra, external urethral sphincter muscle, bulbourethral glands, branches of the internal pudendal vessels, and branches of the pudendal nerve

Front 29

external urethral sphincter muscle fxn

Back 29

when contracted, compresses membranous urethra and stops the flow of urine

Front 30

attachments of deep transverse perineal muscle

Back 30

lateral: ischial tuberosity and the ischiopubic ramus
medial: perineal body

its fiber direction and function are identical to those of the superficial transverse perineal muscle (fxn is mostly supportive)

Front 31

which part of the urethra is the thinnest?

Back 31

membranous urethra (from perineal membrane to the prostate gland)

Front 32

passage of duct of bulbourethral gland

Back 32

passes through the perineal membrane and drains into the proximal portion of the spongy urethra

Front 33

what structures do the pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery supply?

Back 33

external urethral sphincter muscle
deep transverse perineal muscle
penis

Front 34

collectively, what are the muscles within the deep perineal pouch plus the perineal membrane known as?

Back 34

urogenital diaphragm

Front 35

lymphatic drainage of labium majus

Back 35

drain to superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Front 36

how does the posterior labial nerve enter the urogenital triangle?

Back 36

by passing lateral to the external anal sphincter muscle

Front 37

what vessels/nerves supply the posterior part of the labium majus?

Back 37

posterior labial nerve and vessels

Front 38

two layers of superficial fascia in women and their fxn

Back 38

superficial fatty layer and deep membranous layer

superficial fatty provides shape of labium majus and is continuous with the fat of the lower abdominal wall, ischioanal fossa, and thigh

membranous layer forms the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal pouch

Front 39

what is the membranous layer of the superficial perineal fascia (Colles' fascia) attached to?

Back 39

ischiopubic ramus as far posteriorly as the ischial tuberosity and to the posterior edge of the perineal membrane

Front 40

contents of the superficial perineal pouch in the female

Back 40

three muscles (ischicavernosus, bulbospongiosus, superficial transverse perineal), crus of the clitoris, bulb of the vestibule, greater vestibular glands (these structures are paired)

also contains blood vessels and nerves for these structures

Front 41

R: bulbospongiosus and labium minus

Back 41

b is lateral

Front 42

what does the bulbospongiosus cover in the female?

Back 42

superficial surface of the bulb of the vestibule

Front 43

attachments of bulbospongiosus (female)

Back 43

posterior: perineal body
anterior: corpus cavernosum clitoris

(there are no midline attachments in the female)

Front 44

what does ischiocavernosus muscle cover in females?

Back 44

superficial surface of the crus of the clitoris

Front 45

fxn of ischiocavernosus in female

Back 45

forces blood from the crus of the clitoris into the distal part of the corpus cavernosum clitoris

Front 46

attachments of superficial transverse perineal muscle in female

Back 46

lateral: ischial tuberosity and ischiopubic ramus
medial: perineal body

Front 47

fxn of superficial transverse perineal muscle in female

Back 47

support perineal body

Front 48

what are attached to the perineal membrane?

Back 48

bulb of the vestibule and crura

Front 49

where is the greater vestibular gland found?

Back 49

in the superficial perineal pouch immediately posterior to the bulb of the vestibule

Front 50

what form the body of the clitoris?

Back 50

the two corpora cavernosa

Front 51

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the female?

Back 51

urethra, portion of the vagina, external urethral sphincter muscle, branches of the internal pudendal vessels and nerve

Front 52

what does the pudendal nerve innervate in the deep perineal pouch in females?

Back 52

external urethral sphincter
deep transverse perineal muscle
clitoris

Front 53

what does the midgut become?

Back 53

distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Front 54

what does the hindgut give rise to?

Back 54

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending and sigmoid colon, rectum

Front 55

what does the dorsal mesentery of the foregut become?

Back 55

greater omentum

Front 56

after the primary intestinal loop herniates into the umbilicus, what happens?

Back 56

it undergoes an initial 90 degree counterclockwise rotation. the midgut then undergoes an additional 180 degree counterclockwise rotation as it retracts into the abdomen

Front 57

what are the derivatives of the primitive foregut?

Back 57

pharynx, thoracic esophagus, abdominal esophagus, stomach, superior half of the dudonum

Front 58

which arteries will supply which parts of the primitive gut tube?

Back 58

celiac trunk -- foregut
superior mesenteric artery -- midgut
inferior mesenteric artery -- hindgut

Front 59

what is the predecessor of the ventral mesentery? what will the ventral mesentery itself eventually become?

Back 59

septum transversum (the ventral mesentery is a thinning of this septum)

it will eventually become the falciform ligament and lesser omentum

Front 60

what does the ventral mesentery connect to the ventral body wall?

Back 60

the stomach and developing liver

Front 61

what does the abdominal foregut give rise to?

Back 61

stomach, duodenum, liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Front 62

what venous system does the hepatic diverticulum grow into?

Back 62

the vitelline veins that are draining the heart

Front 63

what is the space behind the liver between the anterior abdominal wall and diaphragm called?

Back 63

subphrenic recess

Front 64

as liver grows and moves superiorly into the septum transversum, what will the septum differentiates into?

Back 64

the diaphragm

Front 65

where is the subhepatic recess?

Back 65

space in peritoenum behind liver and in front of kidney

Front 66

by day 26, the liver is the primary site of what process?

Back 66

hematopoesis

Front 67

how does the pancreas and gall bladder form?

Back 67

gall bladder and ventral process of pancreas grow out of ventral side of foregut and then swing posteriorly around so that ventral bud can fuse with dorsal bud. gall bladder will be posterior to pylorus of stomach

Front 68

what is an annular pancreas?

Back 68

when ventral pancreatic bud rotates the wrong way and becomes wrapped around the pylorus

Front 69

what artery is found in the middle of the primary intestinal loop, around which rotation occurs?

Back 69

SMA

Front 70

what is the last thing to come back into the abdomen after herniation and rotation? what does this imply for the cecum?

Back 70

large bowel, so cecum ends up under the liver and then descends into RLQ

Front 71

what is Meckel's Diverticulum?

Back 71

a persistance of the embryonic yolk stalk...this keeps small bowel attached to anterior wall via the umbilicus

Front 72

omphalocele

Back 72

an abdominal wall defect....failure of lateral body wall folds to close and midgut doe not return into the peritoneal cavity

Front 73

what becomes of the visceral peritoneum of the liver?

Back 73

the inferior serosdal membrane of the septum transversum

Front 74

how is the lesser omentum formed?

Back 74

from the ventral mesentery between the liver and the stomach

Front 75

what does the cranial region of the septum transversum become?

Back 75

central tendon of the diaphragm, myocytes of the pleuroperitoneal membranes

Front 76

what does the central mesenchyme of the septum transversum become?

Back 76

hematopoetic cells of liver

Front 77

what does the caudal region (ventral mesentery) of the septum transversum become?

Back 77

--falciform ligament
--visceral peritoneum of the liver, including the coronary ligament
--visceral peritoneum of the gallbladder
--lesser omentum including the hepatoduodenal and heptaogastric ligaments

Front 78

does the duodenum herniate during rotation?

Back 78

NO

Front 79

what is the root of the small bowel mesentery?

Back 79

peritoneal reflection that runs diagonally from the duodenal-jejunal junction at L2 to the ilieocecal jxn at L4

significant in preventing volvulus

Front 80

what are secondarily retroperitoneal structures?

Back 80

duodenum (2nd, 3rd, and 4th parts)
head, neck, body of pancreas
ascending & descending colon

Front 81

does the spleen originate from the gut tube?

Back 81

no, it comes from mesoderm that originates in the dorsal mesentery

Front 82

what does the greater omentum originate from?

Back 82

dorsal mesentery

Front 83

what are the boundaries of the perineum?

Back 83

anterior: pubic symph
laterally: ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities and sacrotuberous ligaments
posterior: sacrum and coccyx

Front 84

the perineal body,which is an irregular mass of variable consistency containing collagenous and elastic fibers, as well as muscle, is the site of convergence of which muscles?

Back 84

bulbospongiosus
external anal sphincter
superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
smooth and voluntary slips of muscle from the external urethral sphincter, levator ani, and muscular coats of rectum

Front 85

in males, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Back 85

root of penis and associated muscles
proximal part of spongy urethra
superficial transverse perineal muscles
deep perineal branches of internal pudendal vessels and nerves

Front 86

in females, what does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

Back 86

clitoris
bulbs of vestibule
greater vestibular glands
superficial transverse perineal muscles
deep perineal branches of internal pudendal nerves and vessels

Front 87

what are the three muscles of the male superficial perineal pouch?

Back 87

superficial transverse perineal
bulbospongiosus
ischiocavernosus

Front 88

what is the difference between the corpora cavernosa and the corpus spongiosum of the penis?

Back 88

spong is medial and is overlaid by the bulbospongiosus
cavernosa is lateral and overlaid by ischiocavernosus

Front 89

the dorsal nerve (bilateral) of the penis is a branch of what nerve?

Back 89

pudendal

Front 90

what is the glans penis and how is it related to the corpus spongiosum?

Back 90

glans is at the top of the penis and it is a continuation of the same erectile tissue as the spongiosum

Front 91

what is the contents of the deep perineal pouch in the male?

Back 91

membranous urethra
external urethral sphincter
bulbourethral glands
branches of internal pudendal artery
branches of pudendal nerve

Front 92

what is the contents of the superficial perineal pouch in females?

Back 92

3 muscles
crus of clitoris
bulb of the vestibule
greater vestibular gland

Front 93

what does the ischiocavernosus muscle cover in the female?

Back 93

curs of the clitoris

Front 94

what are the three branches of the pudendal nerve in female?

Back 94

external urethral sphincter
deep transverse perineal
clitoris

Front 95

what are the contents of the deep perineal pouch in a female?

Back 95

urethra
part of the vagina
external urethral sphincter
branches of internal pudendal artery
branches of pudendal nerve