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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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four things APC regulates
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1. amount of free B-catenin
2. microtubule assembly 3. regulatory role in apoptosis 4. progression of G1 to S |
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APC gene mutation happens from germ line trunkation and effects care taker genes "caretaker efect"
sporadic polyps which result in acquired mutation affects what genes |
gatekeeper "gatekeeper effect"
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how does B-catenin effect differentiation and transcription
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decreases differentiation and increases transcription
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how does the APC mutation effect B-catenin
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its associated protein is unable to bind B-cat or microtubules leading to an increase in B-catenin in cells
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how does a decrease in B-catenin affect apoptosis
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increases
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how does B-catenin affect microtubules
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makes them faulty leading to less efficient mitosis
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three types of neoplasms that may result from APC mutation
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Tubular adenoma (benign - colon polyp)
adenocarcinomes (w/ mixed glandular + neuroendocrine differentiat |
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what inhibits B-catenin's effect on transcription and causes apoptosis
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NSAIDS
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cells capable of producing peptides that can function as hormones or paracrin mediators
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neuroendocrine cells
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grade of typical carcinoid
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low
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grade of malignant carcinoid
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intermediate
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grade of sm. neuroendocrine carcinoma
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high
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grade of lg neuroendocrine carcinoma
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high
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Notch promotes the differentiation into what kind of neuroendocrine cells
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exocrine
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Delta promotes the differentiation into what kind of neuroendocrine cells
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endocrine
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how does notch effect Hes
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stimulates
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how does notch effect bHLH
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inhibits
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notch has what effect on the cell cycle
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causes cell cycle arrest
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how does SHH effect the development of pancreatic progenitor cells
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does not effect - it stimulates the making of intestinal cells
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how migh one develop insulinoma (tumor producing insulin)
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w/o notch - increase in ngu - endocrine fate - glucagon cells appear first then insulin and somatostatin
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excess ACTH is may be produced by a tumor (e.g in SCCL) and cause what syndrome
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Cushings
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organoid pattern
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a carcinoid marked by a 3D clusters surrounded by blood vessels
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non-neoplastic bronchial dialtion, benign endocrine proliferation, and dysplasi
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Bronchiectasia
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what causes facial flushing
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carcinoid syndrome
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what is a significant regulator of carcinoid development
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notch
notch activates Hes-1 which activates p48 which leads to exocrine fate. if notch is inhibited then you have an increase in endocrine fate and could possibly develop insulinemia |
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the two ways inflammation contributes to carcinogenesis
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1. generation of promutagenic reactive oxygen species
2. increased cell turnover |
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Ulcerative colitis (autoimmune)
Hepatitis C chronic pancreatitis peptic ulcer disease may lead to malignancy due to |
inflammation
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virus that through binding mimics mutatio nor delection of Rb and p53 genes
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HPV
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