Disorders Of The Nervous System

Front 1

Cranial Nerve I

Back 1

Olfactory
sense of smell.

Front 2

Cranial Nerve II

Back 2

Optic
Sense of sight

Front 3

Cranial nerve III

Back 3

Oculomotor
Eye movement, pupil constriction.

Front 4

Cranial nerve IV

Back 4

Trochlear
Downward gaze

Front 5

Cranial nerve V

Back 5

Trigeminal
Facial sensation, branching to the forehead, cheek, maxillary and mandubliar divisions.

Front 6

Cranial nerve VI

Back 6

Abducens
Lateral eye movement.

Front 7

Cranial nerve VII

Back 7

Facial
Secretion of saliva, facial expressions.
Taste.

Front 8

Cranial nerve VIII

Back 8

Acustic
Senses of hearing and balance.

Front 9

Cranial nerve IX

Back 9

Glossopharyngeal
Muscles of swallowing and gag reflex.
Taste and sensation from the posterior tongue and pharynx

Front 10

Cranial Nerve X

Back 10

Vagus
Decreases heart rate, increases peristalsis, contracts muscles for voice production.
Receives taste information, sensation from the back of the throat, sensations in the larynx and trachea, and stretch receptors in the gut

Front 11

Cranial nerve XI

Back 11

Spinal accessory
Shoulder movements, turning movements of the head, movements of viscera.

Front 12

Cranial Nerve XII

Back 12

Hypoglossal
Tongue movements.

Front 13

Wernicke's encephalopathy

Back 13

caused by a deficiency of viatamin B1.
classic presentation is confusion, ataxia, and oculomotor disturbances such as nystagmus.

Front 14

Diagnostic criteria for Wernicke's Encephalopathy.

Back 14

any two: malnutrition, AMS, ataxia, oculomotor disturbances.
chronic alcoholism is the main cause of this.

Front 15

Treatment of Wernicke's Encephalopathy.

Back 15

Administration of thiamine.
100mg IV IO

Front 16

Korsakoff's psychosis

Back 16

Closely associated with Wernicke's encephalopathy.
But is manifested by memory impairments, the inability to learn new information, the inability to remember info that was learned at an earlier time, and apathy.

Front 17

Delirium vs Dementia

Back 17

Delirium is short-term and temporary mental confusion and fluctuating level of consciousness, where as Dementia is long-term decline in mental faculties such as memory, concentration, and judgment.

Front 18

MADCAP

Back 18

mnemonic for general causes of delirium.
Medication reactions and metabolic derangements
Alcohol and anticholinergics
Dementia
Cardiac disorders and cerebrovascular accident
Alterations in hemodynamic or respiratory status
Pneumonia and associated sepsis, or any sepsis.

Front 19

Most common organic causes of seizures.

Back 19

Hypoxia and Hypoglycemia.

Front 20

Simple partial seizures

Back 20

excessive electrical activity is only at one focus in the brain,
patient may have visual, auditory, or olfactory hallucionations, involuntary twitching or other rhythmic muscle contractions centralized in one part of the body.

Front 21

Brudzinski sign

Back 21

movement of hips or legs to relieve pain when the head is flexed so the chin touches the chest. sign of meningitis.

Front 22

Kernig sign

Back 22

extreme pain when patients lower leg is extended at the knee. sign of meningitis.