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14 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Three Main Disorders of the Colon
Diarrhea
Constipation
Lower GI Bleeding
2 main mechanisms of diarrhea?
1. Decreased Absorption
2. Increased Secretion
Examples of INFECTIVE DIARRHEA
giardia
entamoeba
salmonella
shigella
c. difficile
Examples of Osmotic Diarrhea
Malabsorption of:
lactose
sucrose
sorbitol
fructose
magnesium antacids
Examples of secretory diarrhea
Toxins
Hormones (via tumors)
Celiac Disease
Bile Salts
Drugs
Examples of Diarrhea due to motility issues
Thyrotoxicosis
Z.E. Syndrome
Carcinoid Syndrome
IBS
Small Bowel vs Large Bowel Diarrhea
SMALL BOWEL
large volume
few hrs after eating
mid abd pain
undigested food present
more watery, less mucous
LARGE BOWEL
small volume
some hrs later
lower abd pain
undigested food absent
less watery, more mucous
Osmotic vs Secretory Diarrhea
OSMOTIC
H/O ingesting osmotic substance
Few hours after eating
Mid-abd cramp/pain
Diarrhea stops on fasting
Osmotic Gap >50
Vol <1L
pH <6 (acidic)
SECRETORY
No H/O ingestion
Not related to meal
Pain +/-
Diarrhea all the time
Vol > 1L
pH > 7 (basic)
Common Behavioral Causes of Constipation
Low Fiber Diet
Reduced Physical Activity
Psychological
Common Neuromuscular Causes of Constipation
Myopathy
Neuropathy
Stroke
MS
PD
Hirschprung's
Scleroderma
Bunch of other casues of constipation
Pregnancy
Obstruction
Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Diabetes
Drugs
Never forget to ____ when evaluating constipation
Screen for COLON CANCER!
Different Fates of Colonic Diverticula
1. Erosion of Blood Vessel-->Bleeding (seen in poo)
2. Perforation-->Peritonitis
3. Obstruction --> Diverticulitis
Common Causes of Lower GI Bleeding
Hemorrhoids (most common cause)
Fissure
Diverticula
Varices
Polyp/Tumor
IBD
Angiodysplasia (least common)