Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three Main Disorders of the Colon
|
Diarrhea
Constipation Lower GI Bleeding |
|
2 main mechanisms of diarrhea?
|
1. Decreased Absorption
2. Increased Secretion |
|
Examples of INFECTIVE DIARRHEA
|
giardia
entamoeba salmonella shigella c. difficile |
|
Examples of Osmotic Diarrhea
|
Malabsorption of:
lactose sucrose sorbitol fructose magnesium antacids |
|
Examples of secretory diarrhea
|
Toxins
Hormones (via tumors) Celiac Disease Bile Salts Drugs |
|
Examples of Diarrhea due to motility issues
|
Thyrotoxicosis
Z.E. Syndrome Carcinoid Syndrome IBS |
|
Small Bowel vs Large Bowel Diarrhea
|
SMALL BOWEL
large volume few hrs after eating mid abd pain undigested food present more watery, less mucous LARGE BOWEL small volume some hrs later lower abd pain undigested food absent less watery, more mucous |
|
Osmotic vs Secretory Diarrhea
|
OSMOTIC
H/O ingesting osmotic substance Few hours after eating Mid-abd cramp/pain Diarrhea stops on fasting Osmotic Gap >50 Vol <1L pH <6 (acidic) SECRETORY No H/O ingestion Not related to meal Pain +/- Diarrhea all the time Vol > 1L pH > 7 (basic) |
|
Common Behavioral Causes of Constipation
|
Low Fiber Diet
Reduced Physical Activity Psychological |
|
Common Neuromuscular Causes of Constipation
|
Myopathy
Neuropathy Stroke MS PD Hirschprung's Scleroderma |
|
Bunch of other casues of constipation
|
Pregnancy
Obstruction Hypothyroidism Hypercalcemia Diabetes Drugs |
|
Never forget to ____ when evaluating constipation
|
Screen for COLON CANCER!
|
|
Different Fates of Colonic Diverticula
|
1. Erosion of Blood Vessel-->Bleeding (seen in poo)
2. Perforation-->Peritonitis 3. Obstruction --> Diverticulitis |
|
Common Causes of Lower GI Bleeding
|
Hemorrhoids (most common cause)
Fissure Diverticula Varices Polyp/Tumor IBD Angiodysplasia (least common) |