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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an aneurysm?
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abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel
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What is a true aneurysm?
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aneurysm is bounded by a complete vessel wall
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What is a false aneurysm?
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a localized dissection or tear in the inner wall of the artery with formation of an extravascular hematoma that causes vessel enlargement
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What causes an aneurysm?
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congenital defects
trauma infections atherosclerosis |
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Most common causes of Aneurysm?
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atherosclerosis and degeneration of the vessel media
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Where are the most common types of aneurysms usually positioned?
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Abdominal aorta
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What are some clinical manifestations of an aortic aneurysm
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pulsating mass
lower back or abdominal pain pain in the posterior leg |
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What is an aortic dissection?
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acute, life threatening, hemorrhage in the vessel wall with longitudinal tearing of the vessel wall to form a blood filled channel
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How is an aortic dissection different from an aortic aneurysm?
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occurs without evidence of previous vessel dilation
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What age group is most affected by aortic dissections?
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40-60 yrs old
more prevalent in men then woman |
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Factors that contribute to pathogenesis of aortic dissection
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hypertension
degeneration of medial layer of the vessel wall connective tissue disease pregnancy congenital defects of aortic valve surgically related dissection |
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Signs and Symptoms of aortic dissection
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ripping or tarring pain
chest or back pain increased BP syncope hemiplegia/paralysis |
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Aortic Dissection can be mistaken for
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gastrointestinal distress
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What is a varicose vein?
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dilated or tortuous vein of the lower extremities. Develops due to failure of venous valves
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What is primary varicose veins
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originate in the superficial saphenous veins
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Secondary varicose veins
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result from impaired flow to deep venous channels
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Secondary varicose veins is the most common cause of
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DVT
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Secondary Varicose veins are caused by
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congenital venous malformations
pressure on abdominal veins caused by tumor or pregnancy |
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Common causes of chronic venous insufficiency
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DVT
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Signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency
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tissue congestion
edema necrosis of fat skin atrophy brown pigmentation |
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What is the Virchow Triad
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Stasis of blood
INcreased blood coagulation Vessel wall injury |
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Stasis of blood results from
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bed rest
spinal cord injury CHF schock venous obstruction Infraction |
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Increased blood coagulation results from
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genetic factors
stress and trauma pregnancy childbirth birth control hormone replacement dehydration cancer antiphospholipid syndrome hyperchomocysteinemia |
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vessel wall injury results from
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indwelling venous catheters
surgery trauma infection fractured hip orthopedic surgery |
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Clinical manifestations of venous thrombosis
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pain
swelling deep muscle tenderness fever, malaise, high WBC & erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
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What are the most common sites for thrombosis?
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soleus muscle
posterior tibial peroneal veins |
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Prevention of deep vein thrombosis
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15-20 degree elevation of leggs
heat bed rest gradual ambulation elastic support anticoagulation therapy |
