Disorders Of Liver, Gallbladder And Pancreas

Front 1

Paracentesis

Back 1

Removal of ascitic fluid from peritoneal cavity

Front 2

Steatorrhea

Back 2

Excess fat in stools

Front 3

hepatomegaly

Back 3

enlargement of liver

Front 4

Icterus

Back 4

Stage of hepatitis marked by jaundice, light or clay colored stools, dark urine, and pruritis

Front 5

Preicterus

Back 5

Stage of hepatitis marked by malaise, severe headache, R. upper quadraant pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, arthralgia, rash, enlarged lymph nodes, uticaria, enlargement and tenderness of liver

Front 6

Posticterus

Back 6

Stage of hepatitis marked by fatigue, malaise, liver enlargement,

Front 7

Jaundice

Back 7

Golden yellow color of skin, mucous membranes, and sclera of the eye

Front 8

Cirrhosis

Back 8

Chronic, progressive Liver disease

Front 9

Gynecomastia

Back 9

enlargement of breast tissue in males

Front 10

Cholecystectomy

Back 10

Surgical removal of gallbladder

Front 11

Choledocholithiasis

Back 11

Obstruction of common bile duct

Front 12

Cholelithiasis

Back 12

Presence of gallstones

Front 13

Ascites

Back 13

accumulation of excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Front 14

Paracentesis

Back 14

Removal of ascitic fluid from the peritoneal cavity

Front 15

Bilirubin

Back 15

Product of normal breakdown of old red blood cells in the liver

Front 16

Portal vein

Back 16

Delivers blood from the intestines to the liver

Front 17

Kupffer cells

Back 17

Ingest old red blood cells & bacteria

Front 18

Gallbladder

Back 18

Stores bile from liver and releases it into duonedum

Front 19

hepatic artery

Back 19

delivers blood from aorta to the liver

Front 20

Pancreatic duct

Back 20

connect pancreas to the duonenum

Front 21

Common bile duct

Back 21

formed by the hepatic duct and cystic duct joining

Front 22

Liver

Back 22

Large organ responsible for metabolism of glucose, protein,and lipids. Also responsible for detoxification, Production of antibodies& metabolizing adrenocortical hormones, estrogen, testosterone and aldosterone

Front 23

Cystic duct

Back 23

Passage that delivers bile produced in liver to the gallbladder

Front 24

Liver Biopsy

Back 24

Removal of a small specimen of liver tissue for study

Front 25

Pneumothorax

Back 25

Complication of liver biopsy if the lung is accidentally punctured during the procedure

Front 26

Ultrasonography

Back 26

The use of sound waves to produce an image of an internal orgag

Front 27

Liver scan

Back 27

a radioactive substance is injected into a vein, and visualized in a radiograph to reveal tumors or abscesses

Front 28

Hemorrhage

Back 28

Complication of liver biopsy, because of the rich blood supply and potential for impaired coagulation

Front 29

Hepatitis A

Back 29

Infectious hepatitis, caused by HAV & transmitted through water, food or medical equipment that has been contaminated with infected fecal matter

Front 30

Hepatitis B

Back 30

caused by HBV spread by intimate contact with carriers, as well as contact with contaminated blood or medical equipment

Front 31

Hepatitis C

Back 31

Transmitted by contact with contaminated blood, medical equipment or infected body fluids

Front 32

Hepatitis D

Back 32

caused by the Delta virus and can only survive in the presence of hepatitis B

Front 33

hepatitis E

Back 33

similar to Hepatitis A most commonly spread through water or food contaminated with fecal matter

Front 34

hepatitis G

Back 34

Identified in some blood donors, and spread through blood transfusions ( does not appear to chronic hepatitis)

Front 35

Noninfectious Hepatitis

Back 35

Unknown cause, but may be from exposure to toxins

Front 36

Alcoholic Cirrhosis

Back 36

caused by alcoholism the liver becomes enlarged and knobby and then shrinks

Front 37

Billiary Cirrhosis

Back 37

Caused by obstruction of bile flow

Front 38

Cardiac Cirrhosis

Back 38

Results from Venous congestion and hypoxia

Front 39

hepatic encephalopathy

Back 39

excessive ammonia in blood resulting in swelling of brain tissue and cognitive disturbances

Front 40

Esophageal varices

Back 40

Portal hypertension causes collateral vessels to develop in the esophagus and anterior abdominal wall. they are fragile and bleed easily and may cause fatal hemorrhage

Front 41

Portal Hypertension

Back 41

obstruction of blood coming into the liver causes blood to back up into the portal system

Front 42

hepatorenal syndrome

Back 42

Renal failure following diuretic therapy, Paracentesis, or GI hemorrhage in the Cirrhosis patient, reason is unknown

Front 43

Fatty liver

Back 43

Build up of fat cells in the liver caused by excess alcohol consumption. is reversible if alcohol intake ceases

Front 44

Alcoholic hepatitis

Back 44

inflammation of liver caused by heavy alcohol consumption

Front 45

Assessment of Patient with liver disease Present Illness

Back 45

Fatigue, weight changes, digestive disturbances, skin changes??

Front 46

Assessment of Patient with liver diseases: Past Medical History

Back 46

Previous liver disease, hepatitis b vaccination, recent and current medications

Front 47

Assessment of patient with liver disease: Review of Systems

Back 47

Weakness, fatigue, pruritus, dyspnea, anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, bloody stools, changes in urine or stool color, numbness or tingling in extremities

Front 48

Assessment of patient with liver disease: Functional assessment

Back 48

Diet, alcohol intake, occupation, exposure to toxins, stress and coping strategies, interpersonal relationships

Front 49

Assessment of patient with liver disease: Physical exam

Back 49

Vital signs: Hypertension, tachypnea, Height and weight, Skin - dryness, scratches, jaundice, bruises, Eye: sclera icterus, Thorax: spider angiomas, Breast: gyneomatia,Abdomen: distention, prominent veins, girth, liver enlargment

Front 50

Assessment of patient with gallbladder disease: Present Illness

Back 50

Digestive disturbances, pain - location, onset, intensity, duration, relationship to meals, aggravating and relieving factors,

Front 51

Assessment of patient with gallbladder disease: Past medical history

Back 51

Gallbladder disease, pregnancy, surgery, recent and current medications

Front 52

Assessment of patient with gallbladder disease: Family history

Back 52

Gallbladder disease

Front 53

Assessment of patient with gallbladder disease: Review of systems

Back 53

Pruritis, indigestion, fat intolerance, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting, light colored stools, dark urine

Front 54

Assessment of patient with gallbladder disease: Physical exam

Back 54

Vital signs: tachycardia, tachypnea, fever. Skin: dryness, jaundice. Abdomen: guarding, distention

Front 55

Assessment of patient with a pancreatic disorder: present illness

Back 55

General well-being, digestive disturbances, pain

Front 56

Assessment of patient with a pancreatic disorder: Past medical history

Back 56

Disorders of biliary tract or duodenum, abdominal trauma or surgery, metabolic disorders, medication history, esp loop diruetics, estrogens, corticosteroids, sulfonamide agents, opiate agents

Front 57

Assessment of patient with a pancreatic disorder: Family history

Back 57

Pancreatic disorders

Front 58

Assessment of patient with a pancreatic disorder: Review of systems

Back 58

General survey: restlessness, flushing, diaphoresis. Vital signs: low grade fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension. Skin: dryness, jaundice, scratches. Abdomen: distention, tenderness, diminished bowel sounds, discoloration

Front 59

Cholecytitis Key signs and symptoms

Back 59

Episodic colicky pain in epigastric are which radiates to back and shoulder, Indigestion or chest pain after eating fatty or fried foods, Nausea, vomiting or flatulence

Front 60

Cholecytitis: Key test results

Back 60

Blood chemistry reveals increased alkaline phosphotase, bilirubin, direct bilirubin, transaminase, amylase, lipase, aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels. Cholangiogram shows stones in biliary tree

Front 61

Cholecytitis: Key treatments

Back 61

Laproscopic cholecystectomy or open cholescystectomy. analgesic morphine

Front 62

Cholecytitis: Key interventions

Back 62

Monitor abdominal status and pain, Provide postop care( monitor dressings for drainage, if open cholecystectomy monitor and record T-tube drainage, monitor incision for signs of infection, get client out of bed asap, encourage PCA, Maintain the position, patentcy and low suction of NG tube

Front 63

Cirrhosis: Key signs and symptoms

Back 63

Abdominal pain, anorexia, ascities, fatigue, jaundice, nausea, vomiting

Front 64

Cirrhosis: Key Test results

Back 64

Liver biopsy; definitive test detects destruction and fibrosis of hepatic tissue, CT scan with IV contrast reveals enlarged liver, identifies liver masses, and hepatic blood flow and obstructions

Front 65

Cirrhosis: Key Treatments

Back 65

Blood tranfusions, Gastric intubation, and esophageal balloon tamponade for bleeding esophageal varices, IV therapy using colloid volume expanders or crystalloids . hemostatic vasopressin for esophageal varices, Diuretics (lasix and spironolactone for edema ( requires careful monitoring. Vitamin K for bleeding tendencies due to hypoprothrombin

Front 66

Cirrhosis: Key Interventions

Back 66

Monitor respiratory status, frequently reposition patient, Monitor for signs of bleeding, Observe for behavior or personality changes ( increased stupor, lethargy, hallucinations, and neuromuscular dysfunction. Monitor level of consciousness. Monitor ammonia levels. Carefully evaluate before, during and after parecnetesis

Front 67

Pancreatitis: Key signs and symptoms

Back 67

abdominal tenderness and distention, abrupt onset of pain in epigastric region radiating to shoulder, substernal area back and flank. Aching, burning, stabbing, pressing abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and tachypnea

Front 68

Pancreatitis: Key Test results

Back 68

Blood chemistry shows increased amylase, lipase, LD, glucose, AST, & lipid levels, decreased calcium, and potassium levels, cullen's sign is positive, Grey Turner's sign is positive, Ultrasonography reveals cysts, bile duct inflammation, and dilation

Front 69

Pancreatitis: Key Treatments

Back 69

Bedrest, IV fluids, Transfusion therapy with packed RBCs, analgesic morphine antidiabetic insulin, corticosteroids, potassium supplements

Front 70

Pancreatitis: Key Interventions

Back 70

Monitor cardiac, abdominal and respiratory status, evaluate fluid balance, perform bedside glucose monitoring, Monitor IV fluids, turn client every 2hrs

Front 71

Advantages of the use of shunts for cirrhotic ascites

Back 71

provides a mechanism to collect protein rich ascitic fluid and return it to the vascular system and Increases urine output which eliminates excess sodium and water

Front 72

Fulminate liver failure

Back 72

Liver failure associated with injury

Front 73

Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant agents

Back 73

Used to prevent liver transplant rejection

Front 74

Pancreatic enzymes

Back 74

Tripsin - protein digestion
Amylase - Starch, sucrose & fructose digestion
Lipase - fat digestion

Front 75

Gluconeogenesis

Back 75

synthesis of glucose from substances other than carbohydrates

Front 76

Glycogenesis

Back 76

Formation of glucagon from glucose

Front 77

Glycogenolysis

Back 77

splitting of glycogen into glucose

Front 78

Early signs of shock

Back 78

Tachycardia and restlessness

Front 79

Late signs of shock

Back 79

Hypotension

Front 80

Urine output for a patient with pancreatitis

Back 80

At least 40ml per hour

Front 81

Signs and symptoms of inadequate pancreatic enzymes

Back 81

Steatorrhea - Bulky, frothy stools with high fat content

Front 82

3 kinds of alcohol-induced liver disease

Back 82

1. fatty liver disease
2. Alcoholic hepatitis
3. Alcoholic Cirrhosis