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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Iron Deficiency Anemia?
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Either a decrease supply of iron neded for creating Hgb in RBCs, decrease in RBC volume, or both.
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What is Hgb?
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Hgb is the oxygen-carrying pigment of RBCs which gives off their red color and serves to deliver oxygen to the tissues.
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How does Iron Deficiency Anemia commonly result?
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Results from blood loss, increased metabolic demand, syndromes of GI malabsorption, and dietary inadequecy.
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What is the earliest occurrence of Iron Deficiency Anemia?
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In infancy and early childhood with peak incidence occurring between 6-24 months in lower income children.
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Why are premature infants especially at risk for IDA?
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premature infants are at risk b/c of their reduced fetal iron supply.
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Why are adolescents at risk for IDA?
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B/c of their rapid growth rate combined with poor eating habbits.
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What is the most common cause of IDA in adolescents?
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Inadequate intake of dietary iron, which is important for the creation of Hgb.
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When does IDA become apparent in a full term infant and a preterm infant?
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6 months in a full term infant and 3 months in a preterm infant; therefore, they become dependent on dietary sources of iron.
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What happens when anemia occurs?
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The oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood reduces and can result in tissue hypoxia.
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What are milk babies?
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IDA infants that become over weight by excvessive milk ingestion.
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What are the two reasons why milk babies become anemic?
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(1)milk is a poor source of iron, is given almost to the exclusion of solid foods. (2)some are fed cow's milk which have an increased fecal loss of blood.
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What are the two classifications of anemia?
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hypoproliferative and hemolytic.
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What is hypoproliferative?
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Defective erythrocyte production.
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What is hemolytic?
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Premature destruction of erythrocytes.
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What are the clinical s/s of mild to moderate anemia for a child include include?
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irritability, weakness, decreased play activity, and fatigue.
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What s/s would occur, if Hgb fall below 5 g/dL?
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anorexia, skin pallor, pale mucous membranes, inability to concentrate, tachycardia, and systolic murmurs.
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What delays could happen when children with long-term, chronic anemia?
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may exhibit growth retardation and developmental delays.
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What is the normal Hgb value for a child?
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Hgb of 6-10g/dL
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What type of diagnostic test would determine IDA?
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An accurate Hx of the child's diet, appetite, activity, weight and rate of growth. LABS- CBC, reticulocyte count, and serum ferritin.
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What is the major iron-storage protein?
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ferritin
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What are iron-rich foods?
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bread, cereal, egg yolk, dark green leafy vegetables, kidney beans, liver, meats, and raisin.
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What type of medical management would be necessary for IDA?
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Iron replacement, nutritional counseling, and tx of any underlying conditions such as hemorrhage/malabsorption.
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What is usually prescribed until the hemoglobin level returns to normal?
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Fer-In-Sol (ferrous sulfate)
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Why are citrus juices or fruits may be given with iron supplements?
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ascorbic acid enhances iron absorption.
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Why is permanent dietary changes essential?
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To prevent recurrence.
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When should oral preparation of iron be given?
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3x a day between meals with citrus fruit or juices.
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What may happen to the stools when iron supplements are taken?
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dark green, tarry stool will occur.
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When taking liquid preparation of iron, what should the nurse advise the family to prevent staining of the teeth?
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for infants- administer with a syringe place toward the back of the mouth; for older children- take preparation through a straw.
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What is the best solid food source for an infant?
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commercial infant cereals.
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To prevent nutritional anemia an infant, the nurse should discuss the importance of what?
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Using iron-fortified formula and the introduction of solid foods at the appropriate age.
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What is the prognosis of IDA?
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very good, however severe anemia may result in mild cognitive, behavorial, and motor impairment.
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Why is milk not given with an iron supplement?
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b/c it decreases the absorption
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