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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Dysphagia
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Causes:
Narrowing of esophagus Decreased salivary secretion Nerve damage Scleroderma Stroke |
Manifestations:
Odynophagia: pain associated with swallowing |
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Hernia
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Causes:
Sliding: protrusion of stomach above diaphragm Paraesophageal: separate portion of stomach enters thorax |
Manifestation:
Pain |
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
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Causes:
Weak or incompetent lower sphincter Delayed gastric emptying Mucosal injury |
Manifestations:
Heartburn Chronic cough Hoarseness |
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Esophageal Cancer
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Causes:
Squamous: alcohol and tobacco use Adenocarcinoma: Barrett esophagus |
Manifestations:
Dysphagia Odynophagia Weight loss Fatigue |
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Acute Gastritis
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Causes:
Irritants (alcohol, NSAIDs, bacterial toxins) |
Manifestations:
Heartburn Gastric distress |
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Peptic Ulcer
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Causes:
Bacteria (H. pylori) NSAIDs Aspirin |
Manifestations:
Epigastric pain |
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Gastric Carcinoma
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Causes:
Genetic Bacteria (H. pylori) Nitrosamines Autoimmune gastritis |
Manifestations:
Asymptomatic until late Epigastric pain Vomiting Anorexia Cachexia |
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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Causes:
CNS deregulation of peristalsis Psychological or physiological stress |
Manifestations:
Abdominal pain Flatulence Bloating Nausea Anxiety/Depression Constipation/Diarrhea |
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Ulcerative Colitis
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Causes:
Genetic Autoimmune (microbial trigger) |
Manifestations:
Fecal urgency Diarrhea Weight loss Anemia Arthritis Skin lesions Thrombosis |
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Crohn Disease
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Causes:
Genetic Autoimmune (microbial trigger) |
Manifestations:
Fecal urgency Diarrhea Weight loss Anemia Arthritis Skin lesions Thrombosis Fistulas Skip Lesions |
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Infectious Enterocolitis
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Causes:
Viruses & bacteria |
Manifestations:
Fever Vomiting Diarrhea Cramping Dehydration TTP Renal Failure |
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Diverticulitis
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Causes:
Low exercise Low fiber consumption Neglecting defecation urge |
Manifestations:
Lower left quadrant pain Nausea Vomiting Fever |
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Appendicitis
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Causes:
Obstruction (hard stool) Twisting |
Manifestations:
Epigastric/Preumbilical pain Rebound tenderness |
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Acute Diarrhea
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Causes:
Noninflammatory: large volume associated with small intestine infection (viruses, toxin producing bacteria) Inflammatory: small volume associated with colon infections (C. diff & E. coli) |
Manifestations:
Watery and non-bloody stools Periumbilical cramps Nausea Vomiting Bloating Fever Bloody Diarrhea (inflammatory) |
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Chronic Diarrhea
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Causes:
Osmotic: water is pulled into bowel due to hyperosmotic contents (lactase deficiency) Secretory: secretory bowel processes are increased (irritable bowel syndromes) |
Manifestations:
Cramping Watery stools |
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Constipation
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Causes:
Decreased intestinal motility Drugs Inadequate fiber and fluid intake Weakened abdominal muscles Pregnancy |
Manifestations:
Abdominal pain Bloating |
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Fecal Impaction
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Causes:
Drugs (antacids, bulk laxatives) Age (elderly) Low residue diet Prolonged bed rest |
Manifestations:
Severe constipation Watery diarrhea Fecal soiling Fecal incontinence |
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Peritonitis
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Causes:
Bacteria Chemical irritation |
Manifestations:
Nausea Vomiting Abdominal tenderness (stiff) Fever Shock |
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Steatorrhea
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Causes:
Inadequate pancreatic lipase, bile salts, or lymphatic channels |
Manifestations:
Yellow-gray stools Weight loss Fat soluble vitamin deficiency |
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Celiac Disease
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Causes:
Genetic Higher incidence in diabetics and females |
Manifestations:
Diarrhea Constipation Bloating Flatus Chronic dermatitis |
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Adenomatous Polyps
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Cause:
Aging |
Asymptomatic
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Colorectal Cancer
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Causes:
Adenomatous polyps Chronic GI inflammation Genetic Diets high in fat and sugar Low fiber intake |
Manifestations:
Blood in stool Bowel habit change Pain (late manifestation) |
