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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine Organs
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Pituitary
Anterior Posterior Thyroid Parathyroid Adrenals Medulla Cortex Pancreas Gonads |
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Growth & Maturation
Reproduction Fluid & Electrolyte balance Response to stress |
Endocrine Functions
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Alteration in metabolism
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Weight
Growth Heart rate Temperature Blood pressure |
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Fluid retention
Excessive urinary fluid losses |
Alteration in fluid balance
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Persistent electrolyte imbalances
Calcium Potassium Sodium Glucose |
Alteration in electrolytes
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Anterior Pituitary Hormones
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Growth Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Gonadotropic hormones Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone Melanocyte-stimulating hormone Prolactin |
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Anterior Pituitary - Growth hormone
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Growth hormone excess
Usually benign pituitary tumor S/S Major weight gain Headache Visual change double vision blurred vision |
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Growth hormone excess:
Gigantism Acromegaly |
Gigantism
Early childhood Growth of soft tissue Bones elongate Acromegaly Age 30-40 Bones become thick and wide |
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Growth hormone deficit:
Dwarfism |
Dwarfism
Childhood onset Treatment - GH injections |
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Posterior Pituitary
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Hormones:
Produced in hypothalamus Stored in posterior pituitary Antidiuretic hormone Oxytocin |
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Diabetes Insipidus
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Causes:
CNS dysfunction Tumor Injury Surgery Nephrogenic Psychogenic Lesion of hypothalamus or posterior pituitary Interferes with ADH synthesis, transport, or release |
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Overhydration
Hypervolemia |
Psychogenic DI
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DI clinical course is rather predictable
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Temporary
Head trauma Permanent Cranial surgery |
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Most common of endocrine disorders
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Thyroid disorders
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Iodine + Thyroglobulin + Tyrosine
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Thyroid Hormone
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What micronutrient is essential for adequate thyroid function?
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Iodine
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What are the sources of Iodine?
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Salts(iodized) and seafood
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Normal thyroid function
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Regulation of metabolic activities
Nutrient metabolism Temperature Growth and maturation Blood vessel elasticity |
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Oversecretion of thyroid hormone
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Hyperthyroidism
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Hyperthyroidsim
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Weight loss
Heat intolerance Fine hair/alopecia Nervousness/Agitation Insomnia Exophthalamos (huge eyeballs) Menstrual irregularity |
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Autoimmune
Diffuse goiter Pituitary suppresses TSH Hypothalamus suppresses TRH Thyroid increases Iodine uptake |
Graves' Disease
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Nodular goiter
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Gland size increases
Iodine deficiency Pregnancy Gland size returns to normal when problem resolved More common in females from birth-6 months after |
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Inflammation
Temporary Increased T3/T4 |
Thyroiditis
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Rare but potentially fatal hyperthyroidism
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Thyrotoxic crisis - Thyroid storm
Severe tachycardia Heart failure Severe hyperthermia Abdominal pain Delirium Coma DEATH |
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Which is more common: hypo or hyper thyroidism?
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Hypo
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Hypothyroidism
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Hypometabolism
Decreased: HR Temp Metabolism of CHO, Fats, Proteins Peristalsis Appetite |
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Cold intolerance
Constipation Weight gain Reduced/Absent sweating Enlarged heart Hypo or Hyper- thyroidism? |
Hypothyroidism
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Myxedema Coma
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Severe life-threatening hypothyroidism
Decreased: LOC BP HR RR Heart failure |
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Normal Parathyroid Function
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Calcium metabolism
Bone resorption Gut absorption Kidney absorption |
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Hyperparathyroidism etiology
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Previous head and neck radiation
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Decreased parathyroid hormone
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Hypoparathyroidism
Etiology: Surgical damage to parathyroid |
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Adrenal Disorders- Cushing's Syndrome
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Excess corticosteroids
(Corticosteriods- Cushings) Etiology: Primary - possible tumor Secondary - Drug therapy |
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Clinical Manifestations - Cushing's syndrome
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•Hyperglycemia
•Easy bruising •Osteoporosis •Hirsutism •Fat redistribution |
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Adrenal Disorders- Addison's Disease
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(Exact opposite of cushings)
•Glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid deficiency •Total cortical dysfunction •Death in 2 weeks or less |
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Addisonian Crisis
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•Etiology:
•Primary •Abrupt D/C of corticosteroid RX •Severe hypotension •Decreased circulating volume •SHOCK •DEATH |
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Pheochromocytoma
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Adrenal tumor
•Excess catecholamines •Etiology - usually benign adrenal tumor |
