Disorders And Hormones

Front 1

Muscular Dystrophy

Back 1

Mutation in the protein dystrophin(connects thin filaments to the connective tissue)

Front 2

Denervation Atrophy

Back 2

Not really a disorder, just the shrinkage of muscle upon becoming denervated.

Front 3

Botulinum Toxin

Back 3

Blocks release of Acetylcholine.
Flaccid paralysis

Front 4

Myasthenia Gravis

Back 4

Ach receptors are attacked by the immune system.

Front 5

Curare

Back 5

Competitive inhibitor of Acetylcholine, but do not stimulate muscles.

Front 6

Organophosphates

Back 6

Similar to nerve agents, lead to spastic paralysis because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase.

Front 7

Rickets

Back 7

Developmental deficiency of calcium

Front 8

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Back 8

Brittle Bone disease- results from lack of collagen and protein in bones.

Front 9

Scurvy

Back 9

Collagen doesn't form due to lack of vitamin C.

Front 10

Calcitriol

Back 10

Raises Blood Ca concentration by: increasing Ca absorption in intestine, increases Ca resorption from skeleton, promotes resorption of Ca in Kidneys.

Front 11

Calcitonin

Back 11

Secreted by thyroid, lowers Ca concentration.
Inhibits osteoclasts, stimulate osteoblasts. Affects children more than adults.

Front 12

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 12

Raises Ca levels, promotes osteoclasts, Ca resorption by kidneys, enhances calcitriol production, inhibits collagen synthesis, thus inhibiting bone deposition.

Front 13

Osteoporosis

Back 13

Bone density is too low, can be due to overactive osteoclasts.

Front 14

Kwashiorkor

Back 14

lack of protein in the diet, leads to significantly lower levels of protein in the diet, blood loses osmolarity, loses fluid to tissue

Front 15

Erythropoietin

Back 15

Hormone which stimulate RBC production.

Front 16

gastro-ferritin

Back 16

after Fe3+ has been converted to Fe2+ it is bound to gastro-ferritin which transports it to the small intestine and releases it for absorption

Front 17

Transferrin

Back 17

Binds F2+ in blood plasma

Front 18

Ferritin

Back 18

Formed when Iron binds to apo-ferritin in the liver.

Front 19

Pernicious Anemia

Back 19

B12 deficiency

Front 20

Hypoplastic Anemia

Back 20

Reduction in erthyropoiesis

Front 21

What do Basophils release?

Back 21

Histamine- Vasodilator
Heparin- Anti-coagulant
It's a wire wood herald!

Front 22

Functions of Platelet?

Back 22

Vasoconstriction, platelet plugs, procoagulants, initiate formation of clot-dissolving enzyme, phagocytize bacteria, secretions attract neutrophils and monocytes, secrete growth factors for vessel repair.

Front 23

Interleukin

Back 23

Stimulates cloning of B cells

Front 24

Antidiuretic Hormone

Back 24

Responds to high osmolarity of blood, retains water

Front 25

Oxytocin

Back 25

orgasm, childbirth, flow of milk, emotional bonding

Front 26

FSH

Back 26

stimulates secretion of ovarian sex hormones, development of ovarian follicles, and sperm production

Front 27

Leutinizing Hormone

Back 27

stimulates ovulation, stimulates corpus luteum to secrete progesterone, stimulates testes to secrete testosterone

Front 28

TSH

Back 28

stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

Front 29

ACTH

Back 29

adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids

Front 30

GH

Back 30

lots of it is made, it stimulates cell growth

Front 31

Prolactin

Back 31

stimulates milk production

Front 32

Acromegaly

Back 32

Thickening of bones and soft tissue due to hyper secretion of GH

Front 33

T4/T3

Back 33

Think metabolism/alertness/other things

Front 34

Myxedema

Back 34

Hypothyroidism

Front 35

Goiter

Back 35

iodine deficiency- no T3
extra TSH is secreted, leads to hypertrophy of thyroid.

Front 36

Graves Disease

Back 36

antibodies mimic TSH, leading to hypersecretion of thyroid hormone.

Front 37

Catecholamines?

Back 37

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Front 38

Aldosterone

Back 38

More sodium less potassium uptake

Front 39

cortisol

Back 39

secreted by zona fasciculata, opposite effects of GH

Front 40

Cushing Syndrome

Back 40

hypersecretion of cortisol

Front 41

Zona reticularis

Back 41

Androgen and Estradiol, important for whichever sex doesn't have the gonads

Front 42

androgential syndrome

Back 42

bearded lady

Front 43

Glucagon

Back 43

Opposite of Insulin

Front 44

somatostatin

Back 44

decreases digestion in response to high levels of digestive products in the blood

Front 45

inhibin

Back 45

made by both gonads, inhibits FSH

Front 46

melatonin

Back 46

pineal body/gland