Disorders And Diseases Of The Skin

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Wheal

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Itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings. Hives and mosquito bites are wheals. Hives (urticaria) can be caused by exposure to allergens used in products.

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Vitiligo

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Pigmentation disease caused by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; sunlight makes it worse.

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Vesicle

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Small blister of sac containing clear fluid. Poison ivy and poison oak produce vesicles.

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Verruca

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Also known as wart; hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. It is infectious and contagious.

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Vasodilation

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Vascular dilation of the blood vessels.

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Varicose Veins

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Vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.

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Urticaria

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Also known as hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production.

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Ulcer

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Open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. A deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer.

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Tumor

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Large nodule; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color.

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Tubercle

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Abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.

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Tinea Corporis

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Also known as ringworm; a contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges.

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Tinea

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A contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and sometimes, painful lesions.

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Tan

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Increase in pigmentation due to the melanin production that results from exposure to UV radiation; visible skin damage. Melanin is designed to help protect the skin from the sun's UV radiation.

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Steatoma

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Sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange. It usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back; also called a wen.

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Stain

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Brown or wine-colored discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape. Stains occur after certain diseases, or after moles, freckles, or liver spots disappear. A port wine stain is a birthmark, which is a vascular type of nevus.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.

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Skin tag

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Small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

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Secondary Lesions

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Skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

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Seborrheic Dermatitis

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Common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching.

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Seborrhea

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Severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.

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Sebaceous Hyperplasia

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Benign lesions frequently seen in oiler areas of the face. An overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones; often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center.

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Sebaceous Filaments

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Similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.

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Scar

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Light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up. The tissue hardens to heal the injury. Elevated scars are hypertrophic; a keloid is a hypertrophic (abnormal) scar.

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Scale

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Flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily. An example is abnormal or excessive dandruff.

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Retention Hyperkeratosis

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Hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

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Pustule

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Raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.

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Psoriasis

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Skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales. It is caused by an over proliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Immune dysfunction could be the cause. Psoriasis is usually found in patches on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest and lower back.

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Pseudofolliculitis

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Also known as razor bumps; resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.

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Pruitis

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Persistent itching.

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Primary Lesions

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Primary lesions are characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.

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Perioral Dermatitis

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Acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face.

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Papule

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Pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

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Nodules

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These are often referred to as tumor, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

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Nevus

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Also known as birthmark; malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

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Mole

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Pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some are flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.

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Miliaria Rubra

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Also known as prickly heat; acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.

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Milia

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Epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin. Milia are more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as laser resurfacing.

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Malignant Melanoma

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Most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize). Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. Melanomas may have surface crust or bleed.

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Macule (plural: Maculae)

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Flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle. Macules are neither raised nor sunken.

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Leukoderma

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Skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; congenital, acquired, post-inflammatory, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells. Vitiligo and albinism are leukodermas.

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Lesions

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Mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

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Lentigo

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Freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots. Lentigenes that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar, lentigenes. Patches are referred to as large macules.

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Keratosis Pilaris

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Redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; it is caused by blocked hair follicles. The patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint white milia.

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Keratosis (plural: Keratoses)

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Abnormally thick buildup of cells.

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Keratoma

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Acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis. A callus is a keratoma caused by continued, repeated pressure or friction on any part of the skin, especially the hands and feet.

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Keloid

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Thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).

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Impetigo

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A contagious skin infection caused by staphylococcal or streptococcal bacteria, characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions and often occurring in children.

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Hypopigmentation

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Absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

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Hyperkeratosis

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Thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).

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Hyperhydrosis

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Excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.

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Herpes Zoster

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Also known as shingles; a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

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Herpes Simplex Virus 2

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Strain of herpes virus that infects the genitals.

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Herpes Simplex Virus 1

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Strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils.

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Furuncle

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Also known as boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; furuncles are caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles.

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Folliculitis

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Also known as folliculitis barbae, sycosis barbae, or barber's itch. Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs. The cause is typically from ingrown hairs due to shaving or other epilation methods.

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Fissure

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Crack in the skin that penetrates to the dermis. Chapped lips or hands are fissures.

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Excoriation

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Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

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Erythema

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Redness caused by inflammation; a red lesion is erythemic.

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Edema

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Swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

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Eczema

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Inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This condition should be referred to a physician. Seborrheic dermatitis, mainly affecting oily areas, is a common form of eczema.

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Dermatology

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Medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatments.

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Dermatologist

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Physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

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Dermatitis

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Any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic dermatitis.

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Cyst

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Closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

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Crust

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Dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material. An example is the scab on a sore.

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Contact Dermatitis

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Inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical. Occupational disorders from ingredients in cosmetics and chemical solutions can cause contact dermatitis (a.k.a. dermatitis venenata). Allergic contact dermatitis is from exposure to allergens; irritant contact dermatitis is from exposure to irritants.

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Conjunctivitis

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Also known as pinkeye; very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.

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Comedogenic

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Tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones.

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Comedo (Plural: Comedones)

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Mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle; an open comedo or blackhead when open and exposed to oxygen. Closed comedones are whiteheads that are blocked and do not have a follicular opening.

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Chloasma

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Also known as liver spots; condition characterized by hyperpigmentation on the skin in spots that are not elevated.

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Carbuncle

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Cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

Front 72

Bulla (Plural: Bullae)

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Large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.

Front 73

Bromhidrosis

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Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

Front 74

Basal Cell Carcinoma

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Most common and least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

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Atopic Dermatitis

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Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.

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Asteatosis

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Dry, scaly skin from sebum deficiency, which can be due to aging, body disorders, alkalies of harsh soaps, or cold exposure.

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Anhidrosis

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Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease, that requires medical treatment.

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Albinism

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Absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair, and eyes; the technical term for albinism is congenital leukoderma or congenital hypopigmentation.

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Actinic Keratoses

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Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

Front 80

Acne Excoriee

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Disorder where clients purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration.

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Acne

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Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes; commonly known as acne simplex or acne vulgaris.