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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medical model of behaviour
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abnormal behaviour as a disease
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Criteria of abnormal behaviour
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- Deviant:does it violate social norms
- Malaptive: does it impair a person everyday behaviour - does it cause personal distress - all criteria does not need to be met to be diagnosed - isn't sharpe boundary between normal and abnormal |
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Epidemiology
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study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in the population
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prevalence
lifetime prevalevce |
percentage of population that exhibits a disorder during a specific time period
percentage of people who have been diagnosed with a disorder at any time |
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Diagnosis
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distinguishing one illness from another
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Etiology
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apparent causation and development history of illness
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prognosis
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forecast about the probable course of illness
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5 axes/dimensions
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Axis 1- clinical syndrome
Axis 2- personality disorder or mental retardation Axis 3- General medical conditions Axis 4- psyosocial and environmental problems - diagnosis made on 1 and 2 - rest record supplemental information - goal to impart information beyond traditional diagnostic label |
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Generalized anxiety
Free Floating Anxiety |
chronic, high level of anxiety that is not tied to a specific treat
Phobic disorder is marked by a persistent an irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger |
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Phobic disorder
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Anxiety/ fear of objects or events that present no real danger
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Agoraphobia
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fear of going out in public
- physical symptoms of anxiety lead to this |
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Biological feature of anxiety
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-genetic predisposition, anxiety sensitivity
-GABA circuits in the brain |
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Conditioning and learning in anxiety
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- acquired through classical conditioning or observational learning
- maintained through operant conditioning -parents who model anxiety may promote the development of disorders |
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Conditioning as an explanation for phobias
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-Many phobias appear to be acquired through classical conditioning when a neutral stimulus is paired with an anxiety-arousing stimulus
- Once acquired, a phobia may be maintained through operant conditioning - negative reinforcement |
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Cognitive factors of anxiety
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-judgement of perceived threat
-anxious subjects were more likely to interpret the sentences in a threatening light |
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Twin studies of anxiety disorder
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concordance rate for anxiety disorder in identical twins is higher than for fraternal twins, who share less genetic overlap. These results suggest that there is genetic predisposition to anxiety disorders
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Dissociative disorder
Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Dissociative identity disorder |
class of disorder in which people loose contact with portions of there memory or consciousness, resulting in disruptions of there identity
sudden loss of memory for important personal information that is too extensive to be due to normal forgetting- may be for traumatic event, last around the time of the event when people loss their memory for their entire lives along with there sense of personal identity but still know how to do tasks like driving coexistence in one person of two largely complete and different personalities -related to trauma as a child -some believe people use it as saving for personal failings |
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major depressive disorder
dysthymic disorder bipolar disorder cyclothymic disorder |
profound sadness, slowed through processes, low self-esteem, loss of interest in pleasure
consists of chronic depression that is insufficient in severity to justify diagnosis of major depression experience of one or more manic episode usually accompanied by periods of depression when they exhibit chronic but relatively mild symptoms of bipolar disturbance |
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Twin studies of mood disorders
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must be a genetic predisposition for mood disorders, greater than anxiety disorders or schizophrenic
genetic factors may be important for mood |
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Interpersonal factors in depression
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poor social skills
negative self-views |
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symptoms of schizophrenia
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-delusion and irrational thought
- deterioration of adaptive behaviour - Hallucinations - Disturbed emotions |
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Subtypes of schizophrenia
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- paranoid
- catatonic type: striking motor disturbance - disorganized type: deterioration of adaptive behaviour is seen - undifferent type: people who can't be diagnosed |
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New modes for classification
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positive:excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behaviour, wild flight of ideas
negative: behaviour deficits, flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, poverty of speech |
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Etiology
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- genetic vulnerability
- neurochemical factors -structural abnormalities of the brain -neurodevelopmental hypothesis - Expressed emotion - Precipitating stress |
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Personality disorders
avoidant dependent obsessive-compulsive dramatic impulsive cluster odd-eccentric schizotypal |
class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning
excessively sensitive to potential rejection, humiliation, or shame excessively lacking in self-reliance and self-esteem preoccupied with organization,rules, schedules, lists and trivial details overly dramatic, tending to exaggerate expressions of emotions defective in capacity for forming social relationships social deficits and oddities in thinking, perception and communication |
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Cultural bound disorders
koro windigo anorexia nervosa |
illustrate the diversity of abnormal behaviours around the world, as well as cultural influence
obsessive fear the one's penis will withdraw into ones abdomen, from southern asia intense craving for human flesh and fear, algonquin indian cultures eating disorder characterized by intention self-starvation |
