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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Dwarfism
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inadequate IGF-1
hyposecretion |
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Laron Dwarfism
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GH mediated defect
poor receptor response or receptor defect |
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African Pygmy
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decreased IGF-1 production
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post puberty GH/IGF-1 secretion
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hypoglycemia, decreased lean body mass, increased adiposity, muscle weakness
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Panhypopituitarism
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pituitary dysfunction; loss of pituitary hormones
caused by tumor, trauma, ischmeia |
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Sheehan's Syndrome
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pituitary dysfunction; post-partum pituitary ischemia
caused by proliferation of lactotrophs in pregnancy |
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Acromegaly
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hypersecretion of GH
over secretion after puberty increased membranous bone growth (face and skull) excess soft tissue growth (hypertrophy of heart) |
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Gigantism
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hypersecretion of GH
over secretion before puberty extended bone growth (long bones) delay of puberty diabetes mellitus, arthritis, organ hypertrophy, affected mental function |
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SIADH
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syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
small urine volume, hyponaturemia caused by brain tumor or malignancy |
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Diabetes Insipidus: Neurogenic
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excessively dilute urine
dysfunction of CNS, trauma, infection/inflammation, cancer decreased plasma volume |
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Diabetes Incipidus: Nephrogenic
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excessively dilute uring
decreased V2 response, defect in signaling increased plasma volume |
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Addison's disease
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primary hypocortisolism - insufficient cortisol release
orthostatic hypertension, increased skin pigmentation, weight loss, hypo - naturemia, kalemia, glycemia, lethargy, dizziness, depression |
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secondary hypocortisolism
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insufficient ACTH release
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Cushing's syndrome
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includes cushing's disease, adrenal tumor and ectopic tumor
causes: buffalo hump, increased BP, osteoperosis, edema, s/s of diabetes, menstrual disturbances, kidney stones/calculi, peptic ulcers, muscle wasting/weakness, moon face, abnormal facial hair (female) |
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Cushing's disease
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secondary hypersecretion of ACTH, increased cortisol
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Adrenal Tumor
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primary hypersecretion; excessive cortisol, low ATCH
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Ectopic tumor that produces ATCH
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increased cortisol (plasma), decreased anterior pituitary ACTH
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Conn syndrome
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primary hyperaldosteronism
adrenal glomerulosa cell tumor increased aldosterone increased Na reabsorption increased ECFV increased ABP decreased renin release |
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secondary hyperaldosteronism
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decreased renal profusion pressure
increased renin release increased aldosterone increased na reabsorption increased ECFV increased ABP |
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Addison Disease
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primary hypoaldosteronism, adrenal glomerulosa cell dysfunction
decreased aldosterone decreased na reabsorption and ECFV decreased ABP increased renin release |
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secondary hypoaldosteronism
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renal insufficiency
decreased renin release decreased aldosterone decreased na reabsorption and ECFV decreased ABP |
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primary hypothyroidism
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defect in ability of thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4
decreased metabolic rate |
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secondary hypothyroidism
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pituitary dysfunction and inadequate TSH
decreased metabolic rate |
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tertiary hypothyroidism
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hypothalamic dysfunction and inadequate TRH
decreased metabolic rate |
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Grave's disease
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hyperthyroidism; autoimmune
antibody stimulates TSH receptors on follicular cells excessive production of thyrogobin, T3 and T4 causes: thyrotoxicosis, goiter treatment: surgical removal, radioactive iodine |
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Hasimoto's thyroiditisis
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autoimmune
lymphocytes infiltrate thyroid tissue; inhibition of Na/I symporter Early stage: Variable T3/T4 levels Chronic: Hyopthyroidisn |
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pheochromocytoma
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hypersecretion of catecholamines
usually caused by tumor of adrenal chromaffin cells s/s: hypertension, severe headache, excessive sweating, palpitations/tachycardia, nausea, tremor, weakness/exhaustion/fatigue, anxiety/nervousness, ab pain, blurred vision |
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hypocalcemia
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cateract formation
chvostek's signs mood change muscle spasms trousseau's signs |
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hypercalcemia
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"bones, stones, groans and psychic moans"
corneal calcifications dehydration/thirst calcifications in organs confusion headache convulsions muscle weakness |
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rickets
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vitamin D deficiency
knock knees/bow legs kyphosis, chest/back deformaties, protruding forehead hypocalcemic features |
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osteomalacia
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vitamin D deficiency
bone pain losser's zones, thick bones fractures hypocalcemic features |
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osteoporosis
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net decrease in bone density
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osteopetrosis
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abnormal matrix deposition
thickening bones decreased osteoclast activity |
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osteogenesis imperfects
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genetic collagen defect
poor bone structure weak bones frequent fractures |
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gestational diabetes mellitus
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1-14% of pregnancies, hyperglycemia >126, excessive wt gain, polyuria, polydipsia, pruitus/vulvovaginitis
presents as type 2 insulin resistant fetus: increased wt gain, postnatal hypoglycemia, polyhydramnois/retardation mother: increases risk of post natal type 2 development |
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preeclampsia
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5% of first pregnancies, >140/>90
hyponaturemia increased serum creatinine elevated ASL/ALT headache/visual disturbance mother: decreased GFR, acute renal failure, intravascular coagulation, cerebral hemorrhage, adema |
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eclampsia
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>160/>110
seizures EMERGENT SITUATION immediate C-section delivery |
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Zone I neck Trauma
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below the cricoid cartilage
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Zone II neck Trauma
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cricoid cartilage to mid mandible
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Zone III neck Trauma
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mid mandible up
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Horner's syndrome
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sympathetic damage as a result of surgery or tumor
ptosis, anhidrosis, miosis |
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bell's palsy
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facial nerve lesion
unilateral paralysis of the facial expression muscles |
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Frey's syndrome
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sweating around ear when eating rather than salivates
injury to auriculotemporal nerve (parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to patotid gland and sympathetic fibers to sweat gland) never severed and crossed paths in regeneration treatment: cutting tympanic plexus in ear |
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LeFort 1 fracture
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across maxilla from bottom of nasal opening to corners of mouth
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LeFort 2 fracture
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from top of nasal bone through infraorbital foramen to corners of mouth
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LeFort 3 fracture
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top of nasal bone through orbital fissures
"floating face fracture" |
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epidural hematoma
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damage to middle meningeal artery
"talking death syndrome" will cause a midline shift compressing structures will not cross midline because cannot go through dural fold |
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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aneurism of the ACOM area
patient will complain of severe headache |
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Stye
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infection of sebaceous glands within hair follicle of eyelid
superficial to tarsal plate |
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chalazion
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infection of mobian gland beneath tarsal plate
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