Disorder Of The Urinary System 2

Front 1

UTI commonly caused by

Back 1

E.Coli

Hint 1

UTI

Front 2

Infection from perineal area can travel up the _____

Back 2

muscosa tract intro bladder up the ureters up to kidneys

Hint 2

UTI

Front 3

Lower UTIs:

Back 3

Cystitis (bladder)

Urethritis (urethra)

Hint 3

UTI

Front 4

Upper UTIs

Back 4

Pyelonephritis (kidney)

Hint 4

UTI

Front 5

Etiology:

more common in women

Back 5

shorter ureters and closer to anus

Hint 5

UTI

Front 6

men

Back 6

prostatic hypertrophy (older men)

retention

Hint 6

UTI

Front 7

Etiology:

Others

Back 7

congenital abnormalities in children, incontinence, retention, fecal contamination

Hint 7

UTI

Front 8

Cystitis & Urethritis - Patho

Back 8

-hyperactive bladder & reduced capacity

-red, inflamed, swollen bladder walls and urethra - ulcerated

Hint 8

UTI

Front 9

Cystitis & Urethritis - S/S

Back 9

-dysuria, urgency, nocturia,

-systemic signs of infection (fever, malaise nausea, leukocytosis)

-pain in pelvic/lower abdomen area

-cloudy urine

Hint 9

UTI

Front 10

Pyelonephritis - Patho

Back 10

-one of both kidneys

-from ureter into kidney

-prulent exudate fill pelvis

-recurrent or chronic can lead to scar tissue formation ( loss of tubule function, obstruction, renal failure)

Hint 10

UTI

Front 11

Pyelonephritis - S/S

Back 11

flank/back pain, systemic: high temperature, dysuria,

Cystitis S/S* too

Hint 11

UTI

Front 12

UTIs Treatment

Back 12

antibacterial drugs (cipro), increase fluid intake,

Hint 12

cranberry juice (preventative measures)

Front 13

Signs of systemic infection

Back 13

(fever, malaise, fatigue, nausea, leukocytosis)

Front 14

Inflammatory Disorders:

Glomerulonephritis - Patho

Back 14

antistreptococcal antibodies formed d/t previous infection creating ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY COMPLEX causing inflammatory response in both kidney

Hint 14

Inflammatory

Front 15

Glomerulonephritis - Etio

Back 15

happens after a streptococcal infection with certain strains of group usually originate as ( Upper resp. infection, middle ear infection, "strept throat")

Hint 15

Inflammatory

Front 16

Glomerulonephritis- S/S

Back 16

-urine is dark & cloudy (d/t protein & RBC)

-facial & peri-orbiatal edema -> generalized edema

-BP elevated d/t increased renin recreation

-flank or back pain

Hint 16

Inflammatory

Front 17

Glomerulonephritis- Treatment

Back 17

-sodium restriction, (possible decrease fluid & protein intake in severe cases)

-glucocorticoids reduce inflammation

-antihypertensive reduce BP

Hint 17

Inflammatory

Front 18

Signs of inflammation:

Back 18

malaise,headache, anorexia, nausea

Hint 18

Inflammatory

Front 19

Urinary Obstructions:

Urolithiasis (Kidney stones or Calculi)- Patho

Back 19

-can develop anywhere in tract

-stone vary in sizes

-forms when there is insoluble salts or insufficient fluid intake, UTIs

-Manifestations only show when there is obstruction to flow of urine

Hint 19

Urinary Obstructions Urolithiasis

Front 20

Obstruction of urine can lead to ___

Back 20

infection, hydronephrosis with dilation of calyces, atrophy of renal tissue

Hint 20

Urinary Obstructions Urolithiasis

Front 21

Urolithiasis (Kidney stones or Calculi)- Etiology

Back 21

Calculi composed of 75% calcium salt and the rest are uric acid, rates,

calcium stone form when Ca+ lvl in urine are high d/t parathyroid tutor or metabolic disorders

-forms readily when pH of urine is highly alkaline

-inadequate fluid intake

Hint 21

Urinary Obstructions Urolithiasis

Front 22

Urolithiasis (Kidney stones or Calculi)- Etio continue

Back 22

uric acid stones develop d/t high purine diet, cancer chemo, gout

Hint 22

Urinary Obstructions Urolithiasis

Front 23

Urolithiasis (Kidney stones or Calculi)- S/S

Back 23

sometime flank pain radiating to groin, pain (nausea, vomiting, cool, moist skin, )

vigorous contraction of ureters to get stone out

Hint 23

Urinary Obstructions Urtholithiasis

Front 24

Urolithiasis (Kidney stones or Calculi)- Treatment

Back 24

-small stones passes eventually

drugs to dissolve stones

-shockwave lithotripsy/laser lithotripsy

-drugs to dissolve stones

-treat underlying cause (adjust urine pH, increase fluid intake)

Hint 24

Urinary Obstructions

Front 25

Urinary Obstructions:

Hydronephrosis - Patho:

Back 25

secondary problem caused by:

-complications of calculi

-tumors, scar tissue in kidney/ureters

-untreated large prostate

-if not treated -> chronic renal failure

Hint 25

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis

Front 26

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis -

Back 26

in kidney, continued build up of urine, over long time causes necrosis

Hint 26

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis

Front 27

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis- Etio

Back 27

Renal Cell Carcinoma: primary tumor arise from tubule (renal core) - men & smokers common

Bladder Cancer: malignant tumour of bladder

Hint 27

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis

Front 28

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis - S/S

Back 28

- painless hematuria initially

-dull, aching flank pain

-unexplained weights

-anemia

Hint 28

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis

Front 29

Urinary Obstructions Hydronephrosis - Treatment:

Back 29

removal of kidney

Front 30

Acute Renal Failure- Patho

Back 30

-directly reduced blood flow, necrosis of tubule, obstruction,

-lead to reduced GFR & oliguria (reduced) or anuria ( no output)

-both kidney must be involved

Front 31

Acute Renal Failure- Patho

Back 31

-glomerulonephritis

-severe/prolonged circulatory shock/heart failure results in tubules necrosis

-ishemia (lack of blood supply)

-nephrotoxins (chemical/drugs)

-mechanical obstruction (calculi, tumors, blood clot) - blocking urine flow beyond kidney

Hint 31

Renal Failure

Front 32

Acute Renal Failure- S/S

Back 32

-develops rapidly

-elevated BUN & Creatinine

-metabolic acidosis & hyperkalemia

-

Hint 32

Renal Failure

Front 33

Acute Renal Failure- Treatment

Back 33

-reverse primary problem

-dialysis - maintain homeostasis, & fluid balance,

Hint 33

Renal Failure

Front 34

Chronic Renal Failure - Patho

Back 34

Stages:

Decreased renal reserve: decrease GFR, no clinical symptoms, high creatine lvls,

Renal Insufficiency:

elevated BP, decrease 20% of normal , retention of nitrogen waste,

End-Stage failure: fluid, electrolyte waste retained in body, all body system effected,

Hint 34

Renal Failure

Front 35

Chronic Renal Failure -Etio

Back 35

may result from:

-chronic kidney disease,

-congenital polycystic kidney disease

-systemic disorders

-low level exposure of nephrotoxin over time

Hint 35

Renal Failure

Front 36

Chronic Renal Failure - S/S Early

Back 36

early signs:-bone marrow depression, impaired cell function-high bp-polyuria (frequency, nocturia)-anorexia, nausea, anemia, fatigue, weight loss, exercise intolerance

Hint 36

Renal Failure

Front 37

Chronic Renal Failure - S/S Late

Back 37

Uremic signs:

-oliguria (abnormal small urine)

-peripheral neuropathy (abnormal sensation in lower limbs)

-dry, hyper pigmented, easy bruising skin

-CHF, arrhythmias

-systemic infection - pneumonia

-

Hint 37

Renal Failure

Front 38

Chronic Renal Failure - Treatment

Back 38

-drugs stimulate erythropoiesis, reduce phosphate lvls,

-hypertension, arrhythmias, heart failure & other complications

-transplant & dialysis