Disorder Of The Heart

Front 1

Advise client to breathe normally throughout the assessment.
Inflate BP cuff 20 mm Hg above systolic pressure.
Deflate the cuff slowly, noting that sounds are audible during expiration but not inspiration.
Note when the first BP sound (Korotkoff's) is heard.
Continue to deflate the cuff until BP sounds are heard during both inspiration and expiration.
Measure the difference in mm Hg between the first BP sound heard during expiration and the first BP sound heard during both inspiration and expiration

Back 1

Pulsus Paradoxus

Front 2

One chief characteristic is precordial pain (pain in the anterior chest overlying the heart). It may be slight or severe and can be mistaken for esophagitis, indigestion, pleurisy, or MI. Moving and breathing deeply worsen the pain

Back 2

Pericarditis

Front 3

During auscultation of the heart, the examiner hears a rough, grating, scratchy sound. What problem might the client have?

Back 3

A friction rub may cause a rough, grating, or scratchy sound indicative of pericarditis

Front 4

A client with myocardiopathy is experiencing syncope. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide specifically to address the consequences of syncope

Back 4

Restrict driving or operating equipment

Front 5

Which of the following topics would the nurse include in teaching the client with aortic regurgitation? Choose all that apply.

Back 5

Reasons for antibiotic therapy
How to assess blood pressure regularly
Methods to control hypertension.

Front 6

Which of the following interventions are necessary when caring for a client with transvenous pacemaker?

Back 6

Use only grounded electrical equipment in the room

Front 7

Which of the following instructions is most important to include in the teaching plan for a client with right-sided heart failure?

Back 7

Elevate the legs while sitting

Front 8

a dysrhythmia characterized by a heart rate between 100 to 150 beats per minute, but with a regular rhythm.

Back 8

Sinus tachycardia

Front 9

Prolonged constriction of the pulmonary artery results in:

Back 9

pulmonary hypertension

Front 10

The pulmonary artery is the only artery in adults that carries deoxygenated blood

Back 10

True

Front 11

Antibiotic therapy is recommended after those procedures associated with the dissemination of microorganisms that can lead to bacteremia and recurrence of

Back 11

endocarditis

Front 12

Recipients of heart transplants commonly experience ischemic chest pain

Back 12

False

Front 13

Category of drugs that helps overcome afterload and reduce the exertion of the heart by decreasing circulatory fluid volume

Back 13

diuretic therapy

Front 14

Reduces the radius of the myocardial tissue in the left ventricle and increases the ventricular wall tension

Back 14

Partial ventriculectomy

Front 15

an inflammation of a vein accompanied by clot or thrombus formation

Back 15

Thrombophlebitis

Front 16

Thrombi that form in or above the popliteal vein of the leg are at high risk for migration toward the pulmonary circulation; these cases are referred to as a

Back 16

pulmonary embolus (PE).

Front 17

Accumulated waste products in the blocked vessel irritate the vein wall, initiating an

Back 17

inflammatory response

Front 18

In thrombophlebitis increased permeability of cells and the convergence of leukocytes and lymphocytes cause the area to

Back 18

swell, redden, and feel warm and tender

Front 19

Despite appropriate and successful treatment of thrombophlebitis, some clients experience a vascular complication referred to as ______ for up to 5 years after the initial episode

Back 19

postphlebitic syndrome

Front 20

When venous pressure increases because of pooled blood, some fluid leaks from capillaries into subcutaneous tissue, causing

Back 20

leg ulcers.

Front 21

Venous stasis (slowed circulation), altered blood coagulation, and trauma to the vein, referred to as

Back 21

Virchow's triad

Front 22

Factors that contribute to clot formation include

Back 22

inactivity, reduced cardiac output, compression of the veins in the pelvis or legs, and injury

Front 23

Older adults with heart and blood vessel disease are susceptible to thrombophlebitis because of

Back 23

impaired mobility, reduced activity, and compromised circulation

Front 24

Risk for clot formation is increased among women who take

Back 24

oral contraceptives

Front 25

Calf pain that increases on dorsiflexion of the foot is referred to as a

Back 25

positive Homans' sign

Front 26

Heat, redness, and swelling develop along the length of the affected vein in

Back 26

DVT's

Front 27

In thrombophlebitis, Capillary refill takes less than 2 seconds because of venous congestion. The client often has a

Back 27

fever, malaise, fatigue, and anorexia

Front 28

Complete rest of the arm or leg is essential to prevent the thrombus from

Back 28

breaking free and floating in the circulation (embolus

Front 29

drugs that prevent platelet aggregation (clustering) are prescribed to decrease the incidence of future clot formation

Back 29

Anticoagulant therapy with heparin, oral anticoagulants

Front 30

People with repeated episodes may be placed on oral anticoagulant therapy for

Back 30

3 to 6 months.

Front 31

surgery on the ______may be necessary to reduce the possibility of a clot traveling from the legs to the lungs

Back 31

inferior vena cava

Front 32

_______ are ordered to improve circulation, ease pain, and decrease inflammation

Back 32

Continuous warm, wet packs

Front 33

An important role is to prevent venous stasis and thrombophlebitis by promoting ____ for at-risk clients. ____ exercises are imperative for clients on bed rest

Back 33

activity and exercise
Ankle-pumping

Front 34

Signs that indicate impaired clotting:

Back 34

nosebleeds, bleeding gums, rectal bleeding, easy bruising, and prolonged oozing from minor cuts

Front 35

Client's venous circulation will be adequate as evidenced by

Back 35

(1) reduced localized edema, (2) capillary refill less than 3 seconds in the toes of the affected extremity, (3) skin color in affected extremity that is similar to that of the unaffected extremity

Front 36

Instruct client to perform active leg exercises with the unaffected extremity at least five times each

Back 36

waking hour

Front 37

Monitor for dyspnea, tachypnea, cough, hypotension, abnormal lung sounds, or chest pain

Back 37

Abnormal results of focus assessments indicate cardiopulmonary complications such as a PE

Front 38

_____ lowers abdominal organs away from the diaphragm and facilitates increased inspiration

Back 38

Head elevation

Front 39

inflammation of blood vessels associated with clot formation and fibrosis of the blood vessel wall. It affects primarily the small arteries and veins of the legs

Back 39

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Front 40

It is far more common in men than in women, and the onset usually is during young adulthood. Cigarette smoking aggravates the condition

Back 40

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Front 41

The client notes that one or both feet are always cold and may report numbness, burning, and tingling in some areas of the feet. Intermittent claudication, leg cramps after exercise, is a common symptom

Back 41

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Front 42

Cyanosis and redness of the feet and legs sometimes occur. The skin frequently is a mottled purplish-red and appears thin and shiny, with sparse hair growth. Shallow, dry leg ulcers in various stages of healing may be seen. Black gangrenous areas may develop on the toes and heels

Back 42

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Front 43

the interruption or suppression of some portion of the sympathetic nerve pathway, is performed to relieve vasospasm

Back 43

Sympathectomy

Front 44

Lie flat in bed with both legs elevated above the level of the heart for 2 or 3 minutes.
Sit on the edge of the bed with the legs dependent for 3 minutes.
Exercise the feet and toes by moving them up, down, inward, and outward.
Return to the first position and hold it for about 5 minutes

Back 44

Buerger-Allen Exercises

Front 45

avoid caffeine, tobacco products, and over-the-counter drugs that cause ______ such as nasal decongestants

Back 45

vasoconstriction,

Front 46

A ______ diet is used in the initial treatment of rheumatic heart disease and is progressed as tolerated. ____ is restricted if the client has edema or is treated with _____

Back 46

full liquid
Sodium
steroids

Front 47

an INR factor, the normal range is

Back 47

2.0 to 3.0.

Front 48

Clients receiving an anticoagulant must be observed for signs of bleeding tendency (

Back 48

blood in the urine or stool, easy bruising, bleeding gums, excessive bleeding from minor cuts or scratches

Front 49

Many older adults have peripheral vascular insufficiency that is manifested by

Back 49

weak or absent pedal pulses; cold, clammy feet; thickened toenails; and shiny skin on the lower extremities