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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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urinary system
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Kidneys, Bladder, ureters, and a urethra
Kidneys produce urine, moves to bladder through ureters and expelled through urethra |
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Reproductive system
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Female: Ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, vagina and external genitalia
Males: Testes, ducts and glands, and penis |
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urine
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is sterile, but can become contaminated near urethral opening
Vagina colonized normally with Lactobacilli, Streptococci, and Candida Male urethra usually sterile |
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urinary diseases
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7 million cases per year, significant portion are nosocomial
Many are E. coli infections |
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Cystitis
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Inflammation of the bladder
Due to E. coli, and sometimes Staphyloccous saprophyticus Symptoms include painful urination and pyuria |
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Pyelonephritis
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Also caused by E. coli
Untreated cystitis can progress up to Kidneys Includes fever and back pain Can scar Kidneys and impair function |
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Reproductive diseases
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Often spread through sexual transmission
Millions of new cases every year |
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Gonorrhea
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Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae- most common STD in the US
gram negative diplococcus First described in 150 A.D. 600 000 new cases per year, most aged 15-24 |
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Gonorrhea part 2
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Attaches to and infects mucosal cells
Get inflammation, pus secretion Males also experience painful urination and pus discharge from Urethra Females get infection of Cervix |
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Gonorrhea
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can become systemic, infecting joints, heart, eyes, and meninges
Can also be passed onto child during birth (Ophthalmia neonatorum) |
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Nongonococcal Urethritis
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Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Inflammation of Urethra, painful urination, watery discharge Many cases asymptomatic In women also get pelvic inflammatory disease Can get scarring of uterine tubes and blockage of egg cells |
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Syphilis
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Treponema pallidum, gram-negative spirochete
Virtually obligate Produces lipoproteins that aid in cell destruction First reported in Europe after Columbus |
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syphilis stage 1
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Primary stage
Get sore or chancre at site of infection 10-90 days post infection Heals after a few weeks, sore can be in cervix or urethra Enters blood and lymph systems |
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latent period of syphilis
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Can occur from 2-4 years
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third stage of syphilis
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Get immune response to pathogen resulting in tissue damage
Gummatous syphilis produces rubbery masse of tissue Cardiovascular syphilis causes a weakening of the Aorta Neurosyphilis – get destruction of brain tissue and associated affects |
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Congenital syphilis
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Transmission from mother to fetus
Can cause mental retardation and other defects |
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viral diseases
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Genital Herpes
Caused by Herpes simplex virus type 2 25% of US population over 30 has Herpes |
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herpes part 2
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Initially vesicles and burning sensation
Can be transmitted without vesicle formation Virus enters nerve cells can becomes latent Can get recurrences as virus reactivates from time to time |
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genital warts
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Caused by Human papillomaviruses
60 different serotypes, certain forms of warts specific to specific viruses |
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genital warts part 2
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Warts can be smooth, large and bumpy, or cauliflower like
Infections can also not produce visible warts Over 25% of women 14-59 have HPV infection |
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Candidiasis
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Caused by Candida albicans
Usually due to opportunistic infection Get irritation and lesion formation, severe itching, and discharge |
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Trichomoniasis
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Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
Get get overgrowth is normal acidity is altered Get irritation, itchiness, and profuse discharge |
