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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does diverticulitis occur?
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In the colon
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What are the stats on gallstones?
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80% of gallstones are cholesterol
20% are pigment |
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What is neonatal cholestasis characterized by?
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Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Cholangiocarcinoma a cancer of what tissue?
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The bile duct
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What can Acute hemorrhagic gastritis can be caused by?
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ASA, NSAIDs, alcohol abuse, or smoking
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What is the most important developmental abnormality of the bowel?
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-Congenital megacolon, aka Hirschsprung disease. It is a genetic absence of the autonomic plexus that controls peristalsis
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What is the most common serious cause of increased unconjugated bilirurin in the blood (prehepatic jaundice)?
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Hemolytic anemia, such as SSA
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What is the etiology of Sjogren syndrome?
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A combination of autoimmune disfunction of salivary glands & lacrimal glands
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Most carcinomas of the colon arise from....
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Pre-existing benign polyps
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Compare hematochezia & melena
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Hematochezia-passage of undigested red blood in the stool
Melena-passage of digested black, tarry blood in the stool |
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Iron deficiency anemia (& gi bleeding) in an adult man or post-menopausal woman is to be considered to be caused by....
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A GI cancer until proven otherwise
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What is ileus?
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Peristaltic paralysis
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What is intussusception?
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Downstream intestine swallowing upstream intestine
-can cause obstruction |
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What is volvulus?
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Twisting of bowel on a pedicel
-can cause infarction |
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What is most tooth loss attributable to?
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Periodontitis
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What is achalasia?
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Spasm of lower esophageal sphincter
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What is Mallory-Weiss syndrome?
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Esophageal tear & vomiting
-think bulimia |
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Barrett esophagus
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-Metaplasia of squamous to columnar epithelium
-pre-cancerous |
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Is small bowel infarction lethal?
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Yes! 90% fatal
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What type of bleeding is associated with hemorrhoids?
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Blood on stool, not in stool
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What is a yellow colored pseudomembrane on the lumen of the GI tract associated with?
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C. difficile infection
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Formation of sprue is associated with what phase of intestinal absorption?
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Luminal
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What can chronic sprue cause?
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Fat soluble vitamin deficiencies (B-12, folate, Ca+, K+)
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Chronic ulcerative colitis & crohn's share these 4 features
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1. Episodic bloody diarrhea
2. Autoimmune etiology 3. Genetic influence 4. Can affect extraintestinal parts of the body |
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What distinguishes chronic ulcerative colitis from crohn's?
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CUC-Non granulomatous, continuous, distal colon, always precancerous
Crohn's-Granulomatous, discontinuous, can be precancerous |
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What is diverticulitis associated with?
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A low fiber diet
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What are the four types of neoplastic polyps?
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1.Tubular (pedunculated) adenoma
2. Villous (sessile) adenoma-->more likely to become malignant 3. Familial polyposis 4. Hereditary non-polyposis |
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How long does it take for a previously benign polyp to become malignant?
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10 yrs
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What is a napkin ring lesion?
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-A narrowing lesion that occupies the entire width of the bowel
-Associated with colon cancer & diverticulitis |
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What is a fecalith?
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-A stone formed from fecal material
-Can cause ischemia -Common cause of appendicitis |
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Most oral cancers are of what type?
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Squamous cell
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Where are peptic ulcers usually found?
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In the duodenum
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95% of stomach cancers are....
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Adenocarcinomas
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What is the most common harmless bowel congenital anomaly?
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Meckel diverticulum (like an appendix for the jejunum)
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Which is more severe, gastroschisis or omphalocele?
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Gastroschisis
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What is the most important developmental abnormality of the bowel?
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Congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung disease)
-M>W |
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Angiodysplasia accounts for what % of intestinal bleeding?
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20%
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Is enterocolitis always infectious?
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Yes
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Gluten sensitive enteropathy & lactose intolerance are defects of what phase of absorption?
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Intestinal
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What are the two different types of peritonitis?
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-Infectious
-Sterile (chemical irritation) |
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Are juvenile polyps neoplastic?
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No
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What is the most important prognostic factor in colorectal carcinoma?
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The clinical stage of the neoplasm at the time of Dx
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What is carcineoembryonic antigen (CEA)
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A colorectal carcinoma tumor marker
-Not useful in screening, just like PSA |
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What is luminal phase malabsorption most often caused by?
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Pancreatic disease
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Where are stress ulcers (erosions) typically found?
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In the stomach mucosa
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What is the most common cause of acute enterocolitis?
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Rotavirus
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What is the most common cause of C. difficile enterocolitis?
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Overuse of broad spectrum Abx!
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What are some extraintestinal manifestations of both chronic ulcerative colitis & crohn's ?
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-Uveitis
-Arthritis -Skin dz -Sclerosing cholangitis |
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What tissue layers are present in a diverticula?
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-Mucosa
-Submucosa |
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What is an adenomatous polyp?
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A tubular adenoma
-Most common but less tendency to become malignant |
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Are oral contraceptives a cause of hepatocellular carcinoma?
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No
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Of tubular adenoma, villous adenoma, angiodysplasia, and hyperplastic polyp, which has the highest premalignant potential?
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Villous
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