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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What accounts for most of the manifestations of endocrine disease?
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Overproduction of endocrine hormones
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What is underproduction of hormones usually caused by?
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Disease of the target organ
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What is the mass effect?
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Pressure exerted by a mass (in this case, an enlarged pituitary tumor) on adjacent structures
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Primary adrenal hyperaldosteronism is usually associated with what?
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Low blood levels of renin
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What is the major blood abnormality associated with underactive parathyroid glands?
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Low blood calcium
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What accounts for the majority of cases of Cushing syndrome?
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Overmedication with corticosteroids
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What characterizes Graves disease?
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Graves disease is not characterized by high TSH levels, it is the autoantibodies (TSI) that stimulate the thyroid
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What is most hyperpituitarism caused by?
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Pituitary adenoma
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What is amenorrhea in a post-partum pt is a clinical expression of?
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Sheehan syndrome
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Do most thyroid adenomas secrete thyroid hormones?
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No
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Why do pts with Addison disease usually have dark skin?
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Low blood cortisol levels cause the pituitary to secrete ACTH. One of the metabolites of ACTH is melanocyte stimulating hormone
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What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal glands?
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Medulla: Epi & Norepi
Cortex: Cortisol, aldosterone, & androgenic steroids |
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Are blood levels of phosphate high or low in hyperparathyroidism?
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Low
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What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
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Papillary carcinoma; 90% 5 yr survival rate
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What is the most common type of thyroiditis?
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Hashimoto thyroiditis; it's a chronic autoimmune disease
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What is thyroglobulin?
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Binds to thyroid hormones & stores it in the thyroid
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What is thyroxin binding globuin?
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A blood globulin which transports thyroid hormone to target tissues
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What is the most common type of functioning pituitary adenoma?
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Prolactinoma
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What is stalk effect?
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Pressure of a pituitary mass on the stalk that induces secretion of abnormal amounts of prolactin
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What are the hormones of the anterior pituitary?
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-TSH
-ACTH -FSH & LH -GH -Prolactin |
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What are the hormones of the posterior pituitary?
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-ADH
-Oxytocin |
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What kind of cancer can release ACH?
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Small cell carcinoma of the lung
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A mass of the anterior pituitary is usually a....
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Benign adenoma
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What characterizes Sheehan syndrome?
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The pituitary infarcts during pregnancy causing a sudden drop in BP. Posterior pituitary is spared
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What does a neurohupophysis secrete?
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-ADH
-Oxytocin -Dz of the posterior pituitary |
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What is diabetes insipidus associated with?
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-Loss of ADH
-Massive diuresis |
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What is thyrotoxicosis & what usually causes it?
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-Too much TH production
-Over medication! |
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What is the most common cause or hyperthyroidism?
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Graves disease
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What things can cause hypothyroidism?
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-Inflammation
-Low dietary iodine -Sg removal |
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What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism?
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-Hair loss
-Puffy face -Weight gain -Hyporeflexes -Lower leg edema |
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In which conditions may you see a goiter?
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-Graves
-Iodine deficiency -Thyroiditis |
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What causes secondary hyperthyroidism?
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Secondary: Renal failure (high phosphate-->low Ca+-->high PTH)
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What symptoms are associated with hypoparathyroidism?
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-Low Ca+
-Muscle & nerve irritability -Tetany |
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What are the etiologies of hyper activity of the adrenal cortex?
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-High ACTH
-Adrenal hyperplasia -Tumor |
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What is an acute adrenocortical crisis?
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-Occurs after cessation of LT steroid use or bilateral hemorrhagic infarction (as in meningococcal meningitis)
-Sx include: weakness, vascular collapse; fatal without Tx |
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What is cortisol necessary for?
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Na+ absorption!
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