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70 Cards in this Set

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A progressive degenerative disease of the brain of unknown etiology, with atrophy of the cerebral cortex including plaques and tangles of neuron particles. It is manifested by memory loss, personality changes and eventually dementia. It occurs twice as often in women as in men.
Alzheimer's disease
A congenital deformity that occurs when portions of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum protrude into the spinal canal.
Arnold-Chiari malformation
This is a congenital deformity of tangled, dilated blood vessels where arterial contents flow directly into veins. This produces a consistently enlarging vasculature, which causes neurologic abnormalities by compressing neural tissue, the spinal cord, or interrupting blood supply to the brain.
arteriovenous malformation
tumor composed of neuroglial cells
astrocytoma
most common type of primary brain tumor
astrocytoma
A functional disorder of cranial nerve VII resulting in paralysis of one side of the facial muscles and distortion of taste. This is usually due to a lesion on the nerve.
Bell palsy
A mood/personality disorder where both depressive and excited/elated periods occur. It usually begins with depression, and at least one time during the illness there is an elated period.
bipolar disorder
A disorder caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel; it is characterized by pain and burning or tingling paresthesias in the fingers and hand, sometimes radiating up the arm.
carpal tunnel syndrome
A broad term that describes a number of motor disorders in young children resulting from brain damage, often in utero or during birth. Symptoms include delayed or abnormal motor development with spastic paraplegia, hemiplegia, seizures, ataxia, and resultant mental retardation
cerebral palsy
CVA =
cerebrovascular accident
term meaning cutting off the blood supply
ischemic
A mood disorder characterized by depressed feelings (being sad, feeling down in the dumps) with a loss of interest or pleasure from one's usual activities, which persists for two or more years. This differs from major depression because the symptoms typically last longer (sometimes ongoing for many, many years) and are not as severe as they are in depression.
dysthymia
Inflammation of the brain.
encephalitis
Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
encephalomyelitis
Any degenerative disease of the brain.
encephalopathy
A recurrent paroxysmal disorder of cerebral function characterized by sudden brief attacks of altered consciousness, motor activity, sensory phenomena, or inappropriate behavior. One episode is generally called a seizure. Any recurrent seizure pattern may be called epilepsy
epilepsy
A tumor composed of tissue which represents neuroglia. The term is sometimes used to describe any tumor of the brain or spinal cord.
glioma
An acute, usually rapidly progressive form of inflammatory polyneuropathy (usually lesions affecting many peripheral nerves simultaneously) characterized by muscle weakness and mild sensory loss. This usually occurs between five days and three weeks after an infectious disorder, surgery, or an immunization.
Guillain-Barre syndrome
A herniated, ruptured, or prolapsed intervertebral disc. Spinal vertebrae are separated by cartilage discs consisting of an outer anulus fibrosus and an inner nucleus pulposus. Degenerative changes can cause the nucleus to rupture or protrude through the anulus fibrosus, where it irritates the nerve root and causes back pain. (Note: annulus is an acceptable alternative spelling.)
herniated nucleus pulposus
2 cartilage discs separating the spinal vertebrae are...
outer anulus fibrosus; inner nucleus pulposus
anulus can also be spelled...
annulus
A condition marked by dilatation of the cerebral ventricles, usually secondary to obstruction in the pathways for cerebrospinal fluid, with a subsequent accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull. This is typically characterized by an enlarged head, prominence of the forehead, brain atrophy, mental deterioration, and/or convulsions.
hydrocephalus
ALS =
Lou Gehrig disease
Also called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS). A motor neuron disease of unknown cause characterized by muscular weakness and atrophy, cramps, visible fasciculations, spasticity, hyperactive reflexes, dysarthria and dysphagia. This is more common in men than women. 50% of patients die within three years of onset; 20% live five years, and 10% live for ten years.
Lou Gehrig disease
Inflammation of the meninges.
meningitis
A hernia protrusion of the meninges through a bony defect.
meningocele
Smallness of the head, usually associated with mental retardation.
microcephaly
A disease in which there are foci of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system, sometimes extending into the gray matter. Symptoms of these lesions include weakness, incoordination, paresthesias, speech disturbances, and visual complaints. The disease is usually prolonged.
multiple sclerosis
(there is a variation of illness called Munchausen by proxy *disnervsyspath - The repeated fabrication of illness, usually acute, dramatic, and very convincing, by a person who wanders from hospital to hospital for treatment. Patients are often able to mimic serious disorders with great skill.
Munchausen syndrome
affected person uses a child as the patient, falsifying history and even injuring the child or using drugs, adding blood or bacterial components to urine specimens, and othermeans to simulate a disease.
Munchausen by proxy
affected person uses a child as the patient, falsifying history and even injuring the child or using drugs, adding blood or bacterial components to urine specimens, and other means to simulate a disease
Munchausen by proxy
A disease characterized by episodic muscle weakness, primarily in muscles innervated by the cranial nerves.
myasthenia gravis
A hernia protrusion of the spinal cord and its meninges through a defect in the vertebral canal.
myelomeningocele
Recurrent, uncontrollable, brief episodes of sleep. Also associated with sudden loss of muscle tone, sleep paralysis, or hypnogogic hallucinations.
narcolepsy
A familial condition characterized by developmental changes in the nervous system, muscles, bones, and skin with the formation of multiple soft tumors distributed over the entire body.
neurofibromatosis
Paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body.
paraplegia
A slowly progressive and degenerative central nervous system disorder with four characteristic features: slowness and poverty of movement, muscular rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability.
Parkinson disease
Any traumatic, toxic, inflammatory, or degenerative changes in the peripheral nerves. Results in sensory loss, muscle weakness and atrophy, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and vasomotor symptoms occurring either individually or in any combination. This can afflict a single nerve or many nerves simultaneously (polyneuropathy).
peripheral neuropathy
These are disordered patterns of behavior characterized by relatively fixed, inflexible, and stylistic reactions to stress. These disorders are rigid and not adaptive and they damage social, interpersonal, and work relationships. These disorders can be classified into several different types. Following is a list of some of the most common personality disorders.
personality disorders
Individuals with these disorders act out their conflicts and ignore normal rules of social behavior. They are impulsive, irresponsible, amoral, and unable to forego immediate gratification. They cannot form sustained relationships with others but use charm to get their way. They cannot tolerate frustration, and opposition will likely elicit hostility, aggression, or serious violence. They show little to no remorse or guilt and rationalize and blame others for their behavior.
antisocial
antisocial - also called 2 other types of personality
psychopathic or sociopathic
People with this disorder are unstable in many areas, including self-image, mood, behavior, and relationships. They are characterized by frequent mood shifts, impulsivity, inappropriate and uncontrolled intense anger. They are often extremists—the world is either black or white, hated or loved, but never neutral.
borderline `
These individuals fluctuate in their moods between high-spiritedness and gloom and pessimism, each sustained for weeks or longer. Their mood changes are often rhythmic and predictable and can be set off by trivial causes or no external causes at all
cyclothymic
Individuals suffering from this disorder surrender responsibility for their lives to others and allow the needs of those they are dependent upon to take precedence over their own needs. They lack self-confidence and initiative, and they are extremely uncomfortable with being alone for more than brief periods of time.
dependent
People suffering from this disorder seem very egocentric. Winning the esteem and admiration of others is important to them, so they have attention-seeking and theatrical behavior. Emotional immaturity is evident with exaggerated childish responses to any wounding of their vanity. Their behavior is inconsistent because they adopt whatever conduct will place them in a favorable light. In their relationships they have an insatiable need for affection and exhibit sexually aggressive behavior with an underlying wish for nonsexual affection
histrionic (hysterical)
This disorder is marked by an exaggerated sense of self importance and fantasies of unlimited success. Individuals suffering from this disorder also tend to be preoccupied with envy. They constantly seek attention, tend to exploit others, and are overly sensitive to failure or criticism. They also tend to have multiple somatic complaints.
narcissistic
People suffering from this are conscientious and have high aspirations but tend to be perfectionists and cannot gain satisfaction from their achievements. They are reliable, dependable, orderly, and methodical, but they are also completely inflexible and cannot adapt to a change in circumstances. They are cautious, have anxiety over responsibility (which they take very seriously), and pay attention to every detail. They have difficulty with interpersonal relationships.
obsessive-compulsive
Individuals project their own conflicts and hostilities onto others. They are markedly sensitive in relationships and tend to find hostile and malevolent intentions behind trivial and even kindly acts by others. Their suspicions often lead to aggressive feelings or behavior. They have a sense of superiority and often belittle others
paranoid
Those with this personality type are characterized by helplessness, clinging dependency, and procrastination. The passivity is designed to gain attention, to avoid responsibility, or to control others. The behavior is often obstinacy, inefficiency, and sullenness, often disguised under apparent compliance. They tend to provoke and engage in arguments, especially with those in authority.
passive-aggressive
Individuals with this disorder are withdrawn, solitary, introverted, emotionally cold, and distant. They are absorbed in their own thoughts and feelings and greatly fear intimacy of any kind with others. They tend to daydream and prefer speculation to action. Fantasy is a common coping mechanism.
schizoid
PTSD =
post-traumatic stress disorder
A neurotic disorder which occurs following exposure to an overwhelming environmental stress (very common in war veterans, for example). Symptoms include consistently reliving the experience, a numbing emotional responsiveness, and a general dysphoria. (This is also acceptably presented as posttraumatic.)
post-traumatic stress disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder can also be spelled as..
posttraumatic stress disorder
A mental disorder characterized by gross impairment of reality; it includes delusions, hallucinations, markedly incoherent speech, disorganized and agitated behavior. This term is also used in a general sense to refer to mental disorders where the patient's mental impairment interferes with his/her ability to deal with regular daily life.
psychosis
paralysis of all 4 limbs
quadriplegia
A mental disorder that is characterized by both schizophrenia and mood disturbances.
schizoaffective disorder
A group of mental disorders which are chronic, impair function, and are characterized by psychotic symptoms involving impairment of thought, perception, feelings, and behavior. There are six specific criteria that should be present for a diagnosis of schizophrenia:
Certain psychotic symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, formal thought disorder;
1 Deterioration from a previous level of functioning;
2 Continuous signs of the illness for at least six months;
3 Generally, an onset before age 45;
4Symptoms specifically not due to mood (affective) disorders;
5 Symptoms not due to an organic mental disorder or mental retardation.
schizophrenia
Defective closure of the bony encasement of the spinal column.
spina bifida
if the cord and meninges do not protrude through the defective closure of the bony encasement of spinal colum, it is called spina bifida...
spina bifida occulta
if the cord and meninges protrude through the defective closure of the bony encasement of spinal colum, it is called spina bifida...
spina bifida cystica
Forward displacement of one vertebra over another. The most common vertebrae affected are the fifth lumbar (over the sacrum) and the fourth lumbar (over the fifth lumbar).
spondylolisthesis
Immobility and consolidation of a vertebral joint, or a general term for degenerative changes of a vertebral joint due to osteoarthritis.
spondylosis
A collection of pus between the dura and the arachnoid membranes. This is most often a complication of sinus infection, but can also be due to ear infection, cranial trauma or surgery, and bacteremia.
subdural empyema
A slowly progressive syndrome in which fluid-filled neuroglial cavities form within the spinal cord. These may extend up into the medulla oblongata or down into the thoracic region. Symptoms include neurological deficits, including muscular weakness and atrophy with dissociated sensory loss (for example, loss of pain and temperature sensation but with preservation of the sense of touch). Thoracic scoliosis is often present.
syringomyelia
A fluid-filled neuroglial cavity. It also means a tube, pipe, or fistula. Also means a tube, pipe, or fistula
syrinx
Gilles de la Tourette or .............. syndrome is an autosomal multiple tic disorder that begins in childhood with simple facial and vocal tics, and progresses to multiple, complex jerking movements that can occur in any part of the body. In adolescence, the condition may worsen. The patient may grunt, snort, and shout involuntarily. It is more common in males by a ratio of 3:1.
Tourette syndrome
Tourette syndrome =
Gilles de la Tourette
TIA =
transient ischemic attack
A disorder of the trigeminal (5th) cranial nerve which causes bouts of severe pain lasting seconds to minutes in the distribution of one or more of the nerve's sensory divisions, but most commonly in the mandibular and/or maxillary portion.
trigeminal neuralgia
A series of changes that take place in a severed peripheral nerve fiber. This affects a portion of the neuron, which swells, becomes granular, and breaks up into irregular fragments which eventually disappear. The myelin sheath (if there is one) also fragments and forms irregular globules before disappearing. Because it affects the peripheral nervous system, it is possible to have some regeneration of the damaged nerve fibers.
Wallerian degeneration