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43 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Health |
A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and free from diseases or infirmity |
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Non communicable/non infectious diseases |
are not caught from another indivdual >degenerative (organs and tissues work less well) >nutritional deficiency >allergy >environmental >Psychological/mental >self induced |
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Asthma |
Causes allergens, anxiety, exercise, possible genetic links Symptoms coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath Treatment >steroids used to reduce inflammation of the bronchial tube >noradrenaline type drugs dilute the bronchial tubes which enable more air to get in and out of the lungs >avoid allergens |
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Affect of asthma on the respiratory tract |
During an asthma attack the bronchi and bronchioles become narrower as the muscles in them contract The lining also becomes inflamed and more mucus is produced |
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Obesity |
Causes consuming more energy than using in daily activities Symptoms overweight, difficulty exercising Treatment Restricted diet, frequent exercise |
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Coronary heart disease |
Cause a blockage in one or more arteries in the heart most common case of blockage is atherosclerosis(process by which fatty material is deposited on the lining of the arteries) Symptoms Pain in chest while exercising(angina) Treatment heart bypass, balloon inflation, artificial pacemaker |
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Hypertension(high blood pressure) |
Causes a salt rich diet, physical inactivity, alcohol and tobacco use Symptoms >an enlarged or weakened heart >abnormal bulge in the wall of an artery(aneurism) treatment salt restriction moderation of alcohol/tobacco consumption |
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Diabetes mellitus juvenile onset(type 1) |
cause no insulin is secreted by the pancreas symptoms tiredness, lack of energy, breath smells of acetone treatment injections of insulin |
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Diabetes mellitus mature onset(type 2) |
cause cells do not respond to insulin symptoms often associated with diabetes treatment carefully controlled diet |
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Communicable/infectious diseases |
Can be passsed from one person to another caused by pathogens Can be classified according to transmission of pathogen |
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Influenza(Acute respiratory infection) |
pathogen virus sread droplet infection signs shivering, raised body temperature symptoms headache, fever, sore throat control flu vaccine, good ventilation treatment rest, warmth, hot drinks, pain killers |
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Pneumonia (Acute respiratory infection) |
Pathogen bacterium-pneumococcus spread spores in droplet infection Signs coughing, sputum is red symptoms Fever, chest pain control avoid overcrowding treatment antibiotics |
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Tuberculosis |
Pathogen Bacterium-mycobacterium spread spores in droplet infection Signs coughing, spitting blood symptoms fever, sufferers become thin and pale Control avoid overcrowding, BCG vaccine treatment antibiotics |
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Cholera |
pathogen Bacterium-vibrio spread contaminated water, particularly by faeces signs vomiting, severe diarrhea symptoms gastroenteritis Control proper disposal of faeces chlorination of drinking water treatment antibiotics
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Typhoid |
Pathogen bacterium-salmonella spread contaminated water and food signs severe diarrhea, fever, rash symptoms gastroenteritis control proper treatment of both water and food, vaccination treatment antibiotics |
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Ringworm |
Pathogen fungus-tinea Spread spores on flores, towels, skin signs red patches on body symptoms itching treatment fungicide ointments |
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Gonorrhoea(STI) |
causitive agent bacterium Signs yellowish discharge from urethra, pain while urinating control keep to one sexual partner use a condom during sex treatment antibiotics |
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Genital herpes(STI) |
causitive agent virus Signs itching followed by a rash blisters may appear Control avoid contact with a known sufferer treatment no complete cure |
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Syphilis(STI) |
Causitive agent bacterium Signs painful ulcers Control keep to one sexual partner Treatment only effective antibiotic is penincillin |
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HIV/AIDS(STI) |
Cause virus Symptoms persistent coughing, swollen lymph glands, diarrhea, weakness, secondary/opportunistic infections Transmission blood transfusion mother to foetus sexual intercourse Prevention fewer sexual partners reduce needle sharing condomise treatment antiretroviral (work against an rna containing virus) drugs help to slow the progression of HIV to AIDs |
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Vectors |
an organism that carries the pathogen and transmits it from one host to another |
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Malaria |
Pathogen plasmodium-attacks and multiplies in liver and blood cells Vector female anopheles mosquito Signs high fever treatment quinine, mepacrine |
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dengue fever |
Pathogen Virus Vector aedes aegypti Signs severe headaches, pain in muscles and joints, rash haemorrhagic form causes vomiting and bleeding Treatment rest, plenty of fluids |
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Control of dengue and malaria |
>spraying breeding grounds of mosquitoes >draining breeding grounds >using insecticides >mosquito nets |
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Gastroenteritis |
Causes infection by food and water bourne pathogens typoid, cholera irritation of the alimentary canal Signs inflammation of intestines, stomach pain and nausea |
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Control of gastroenteritis |
removing/reducing flies >sewage should be removed and treated >rubbish should be placed in plastic bags and sealed >food should be covered |
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Leptospirosis |
Pathogen bacterium Vector rats and domestic animals- they urinate and the bacteria gets into water and may be drunk/enter the body through cuts Symptoms fever, aching muscles, nausea, vomiting, kidney failure Treatment antibiotics Control strict rodent control vaccination of domestic animals education about the disease |
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Sterilization |
any process that eliminates (removes) or kills (deactivates) all forms of life and other biological agents |
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Pasteurization |
process of heating the milk at a temperature of 60 degrees or 72 degrees 3 to 4 times. Here alternative heating and cooling kills all the microbes and molds without boiling the milk. |
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Boiling |
done for metallic devices like surgical scissors, scalpels, needles etc like instruments. Here substances are boiled to sterilize them. |
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Autoclaving |
material can be heated under high pressure for 15 minutes It is the most common method used as it is powerful enough even to kill bacterial spores. |
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Disinfectants |
chemical agents that destroy pathogens on contact e.g chlorine used to make water sake for drinking are used on non-living things
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antiseptics |
a substance that can be applied to living tissue to kill/reduce the growth of pathogens |
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Antibiotics |
are medications used to treat – and, in some cases, prevent – bacterial infections |
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Antigen |
Any substance that stimulates the lymphocytes to produce antibodies |
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Antibody |
A protein produced by lymphocytes in response to an antigen |
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Anti-toxin |
an antibody that counteracts a toxin. |
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immunity |
the body's resistance to disease |
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Vaccine |
A preparation of antigens for one or more diseases that is given by mouth/injection to stimulate active immunity and protect against the disease/s children are vaccinated against: MMR-mumps, measles, rubella hepatitis A polio |
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Natural passive immunity |
antibodies obtained from >across placenta before birth >from colostrum in breast milk |
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Natural active immunity |
Anti body produced in response to a person being infected |
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Artificial active immunity |
Antibody produced in response to a vaccine person acquires immunity by being given a weaker strain or dead disease causing microorganism and the bodies produces its own antibodies |
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Artificial passive immunity |
Injection in the form of a serum containing the antibody from a different person/animal |
