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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Syncope |
Fainting |
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Dyspnea |
Difficulty breathing (on exertion) |
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Tachypnea |
Rapid breathing |
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Cyanosis |
Slight blue color |
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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
- Arteries supplying myocardium--narrowed from atherosclerotic deposits - Temporary cardiac ischemia/eventually MI - Plaque in the lumen (opening) of coronary arteries results in atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)/narrowing of lumen - Cells in myocardium eventually weaken and die - Vasodilators/angioplasty/beta-blockers/anti-coagulants |
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Angina Pectoris |
- Chest pain due to ischemia during or shortly after exertion--reduced oxygen supply to myocardium--nitroglycerin tablets--prevent angina |
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Myocardial Infarction (MI) |
- Death of myocardial tissue caused by development of ischemia - Crushing pain/radiating/burning/irregular heartbeat/dyspnea - Survive an MI take aspirin every day and a beta-blocker or ACE inhibitor for life |
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Cardiac Arrest |
- Sudden/unexpected cessation of cardiac activity - Unresponsive/no palpable pulse - Results from anoxia or interruption of the electrical stimuli to heart--respiratory arrest/arrhythmia/MI/Electrocution/drowning/ severe trauma/hemorrhage/drug OD - ECG shows a-systole - CPR defibrillation |
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Hypertensive Heart Disease |
- Chronically elevated pressure throughout vascular system - Systolic higher than 140, diastolic higher than 90 |
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Malignant Hypertension |
- Life threatening condition--severe form of hypertension - Headache, blurred vision, dyspnea--may have sudden onset - Systolic may be more than 200 diastolic may be higher than 120 - Drug therapy for life |
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
- Acute or chronic inability of the heart to pump enough blood throughout the body - Distended neck veins--edema in abdomen and legs and ankles--liver/spleen enlarge - Common cause MI, cardiac valve damage, COPD, CAD, and cardiomyopathy -Reduce workload of heart |
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Cor Pulmonale |
- Right-sided heart disease--enlargement of right ventricle--sequela to primary lung disease - Increased workload to right side--hypertrophy |
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Pulmonary Edema |
- Condition of fluid shift into the extravascular spaces of lungs - Caused by left-sides heart failure, mitral valve disease, pulmonary embolus, systemic hypotension, arrhythmia and renal failure - Life-threatening medical emergency |
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Cardiomyopathy |
- Noninflammatory disease of cardiac muscle--enlargement of the myocardium and ventricular dysfunction--symptoms of CHF - Dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive. - Dilated/alcoholism/autoimmune or viral-diffuse degeneration of myocardial fibers - Hypertrophic genetic idiopathic left ventricular wall hypertrophies - Restrictive infiltrative process causes fibrosis/thickening |
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Pericarditis |
- Acute/chronic inflammation of pericardium (serosa)--sac enclosing/protecting heart -grating sound - Idiopathic or consequence of inflammation elsewhere in body - Acute can cause adhesions loss of elasticity producing constrictive pericarditis - Chronic fibrous calcification |
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Myocarditis |
- Inflammation of muscular walls of heart--pathogenic or toxic |
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Endocarditis |
- Inflammation of lining and the valves of the heart--usually secondary to infection elsewhere, pre-existing heart disease or abnormal immunologic reaction - Vegetative growths on the cardiac valves that may be released as emboli - Cardiac murmur |
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Rheumatic Fever |
- Systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease involving joints/cardiac tissue - Follows a sore throat - Antibodies attack normal tissue inflammatory reaction - Complete course fo antibiotics |
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Rheumatic Heart Disease |
- Cardiac manifestations that follow Rheumatic Fever - Acute endocarditis--chronic cardiac involvement. - Valve damage from vegetations cause stenosis of valves - Surgery |
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Valvular Heart Disease |
- Acquired/congenital disorder involving vales--insufficiency or stenosis - Insufficiency failure of valve to close properly - Stenosis hardening prevents complete openings |
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Mitral Stenosis |
- Hardening of cusps of mitral valve - Prevents passage of blood from left atrium to left ventricle |
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Mitral Insufficiency |
- Mitral valve fails to close completely--allows back flow from left ventricle back into left atrium - Scar tissue/inflammations or vegetations, mitral valve prolapse, CAD, MI or cardiac dilation- Can lead to CHF |
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Mitral Valve Prolapse |
- Benign condition one or more cusps of valves protrudes back into left atrium during ventricular contraction - Abnormally long or short chordae tendineae - Click-murmur syndrome |
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Arrytmias |
- Any deviations from normal heartbeat |
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Shock |
- Collapse of cardiovascular system including vasodilation and fluid shift, accompanied by inefficient cardiac output--inadequate perfusion of organs--altered consciousness--life threatening |
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Cardiogenic Shock |
- Inadequate output of blood from the heart - Myocardium fails to pump efficiently |
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Cardiac Tamponade |
- Compression of heart muscle and restriction of heart movement caused by blood or fluid trapped in pericardial sac - Cyanotic above nipple line - Can lead to cardiac arrest--must insert needle and remove/fix problem |
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Emboli |
- Clots of aggregated material (usually blood). They can lodge in a blood vessel and inhibit blood flow |
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Arteriosclerosis |
- Hardening of arteries |
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Atherosclerosis |
- Thickening/hardening of arteries/plaques of cholesterols form in tunica intima |
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Aneurysms |
- Weakening and resulting local dilation of wall of artery - Commonly buildup of atherosclerotic plaque that weakens vessel wall - Surgical repair before leak/rupture |
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Phlebitis |
- Inflammation of vein - Deep venus inflammation allows formation of clots (thrombophlebitis) |
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- Thrombophlebitis |
- Result of inflammation of vein with the formation of a thrombus on the vessel wall - Immediate intervention - Measurable difference in legs |
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Varicose Veins |
- Swollen, tortuous, knotted veins usually in lower legs - Support stockings |
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Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease) |
- Inflammation of peripheral arteries and veins of extremities with clot formation - Long-term smoking - Could cause gangrene |
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Anemia |
- Reduction in quantity of either RBC's or hemoglobin - Iron-deficiency anemia - Folic-acid deficiency anemia - Pernicious anemia--microcytic--immature RBC's larger than normal--autoimmune - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia - Aplastic anemia-- insult to stem cells - Sickle-cell anemia - Hemorrhagic anemia |
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Agranulocytosis (neutropenia) |
- Blood dyscrasia in which leukocyte levels become extremely low - Drug toxicity/hypersensitivity |
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Polycythemia (Polycythemia Vera) |
- Abnormal increase in amount of hemoglobin, RBC count, or hematocrit, causing an increase in RBC mass - Splenomegaly and clubbing od dingers |
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Thrombocytopenia |
- Reduced clotting capabilities of blood |
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Leukemias |
- Malignant neoplasms of blood forming organs produce abnormal uncontrolled clonal proliferation of one type of blood cell |
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Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia |
(ALL) - Overproduction of immature lymphoid cells in bone marrow and lymph nodes--children and those older than 65 |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
(CLL) slowly progressing results in accumulation of mature-appearing but hypo functional lymphocytes |
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia |
(AML) - Rapidly progressive neoplasm of cells committed to the myeloid line of development - Many cases survivors of atomic bomb attack - most common adult |
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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia |
(CML) slowly progressing arises in hemotopoeitic stem cells or early progenitor cell, resulting in an excess of mature-appearing but hypo functioning neutrophils |
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Lymphodema |
- Abnormal collection of lymph usually in extremities - Obstruction of lymph vessel or node may be inflammatory or mechanical |
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Lymphangitis |
- Inflammation of lymph vessels - Red streak at site of entry of infective organism--extends to regional lymph node - Antibiotics |
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Lymphoma |
- Malignant neoplasms uncontrolled proliferation of cellular components of lymph system - Hodgkin's, non-Hodgkin's |
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Hodgkin's Disease |
- cancer of body's lymphatic system - 15% of all lymphomas- One of most treatable forms of cancer |
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Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
(NHL) number of heterogenous neoplasms of lymphoid cells exhibit wide variety of signs and symptoms |
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Classic Hemophilia |
- Hereditary bleeding disorder resulting from deficiency of clotting factors - X-linked |
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
- Condition of simultaneous hemorrhage and thrombosis- secondary to other diseases - Oozing at puncture sites - Intravenous heparin |
