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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Multiple sclerosis
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characterized by myelin loss in central nerve fibers and resulting in conduction impairments[Nervous System]
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Nervous Tumors
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most neuromas are gliomas, glial tumors[Nervous System]
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Multiple neurofibromatosis
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characterized by numerous benign tumors that can progress to disfiguring, crippling soft tissue tumors[Nervous System]
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Parkinson disease
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characterized by abnormally low levels of dopamine in motor control areas of the brain; patients usually exhibit involuntary trembling and muscle rigidity[Nervous System]
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Cerebrovascular accident
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hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow through cerebral blood vessels[Brain]
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Cerebral Palsy
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damage to motor control areas pre-natal or post-natal[Brain]
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Dementia
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-progressive memory loss
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Alzheimer’s
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It is the most common cause of dementia. It is a degenerative and terminal disease of the brain[Brain]
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Huntington’s
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It is a genetic neurological disorder and the most common sign is purposeless movement[Brain]
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Seizure
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sudden burst of abnormal neuron activity that results in temporary changes in brain function[Brain]
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Epilepsy
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Recurring seizures[Brain]
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Neuritis
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nerve inflammation[PNS]
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Sciatica
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inflammation of the sciatic nerve that innervates the legs[PNS]
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Trigeminal Neuralgia
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recurring episodes of stabbing pain along one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve in the head[PNS]
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Bell’s Palsy
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It is the paralysis of the facial nerve and it is the loss of facial muscle control. It can be caused by a brain tumor, stroke, or lyme disease.[PNS]
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Shingles
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chicken pox virus invades dorsal root, remains dormant, usually localized inflammation[PNS]
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Stressed-induced disorders of ANS
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: heart disease, digestive problems, reduced immune system
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Neuroblastoma
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highly malignant tumor of sympathetic NS; primarily effects young children[ANS]
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Myopia
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the eye is too long, pulling the focal point in front of retina; corrected by a concave lens on the eye, which forces the light back onto the retina. Causes nearsightedness[Senses]
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Hyperopia
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the focal point is behind the eye, focal point is blurry; corrected by a convex lens; the eye is too short; causes farsightedness[Senses]
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Astigmatism
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an irregularity (bump, divot, etc) in the cornea which causes blurred vision[Senses]
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Presbyopia
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anterior (front) surface of the lens becomes stiff and can’t bend as easily as it used to[Senses]
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Conjunctivitis
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Inflammation of the conjunctiva; interferes with light reflection[Senses]
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Trachoma
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reoccurring Chlamydia(bacterial) infection; is obtained by coming in direct contact with eye, nose, and throat secretions[Senses]
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Bacterial Conjunctivitis
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Pink eye; redness, irritation, and watering of the eyes[Senses]
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Allergies
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immune system causing inflammation[Senses]
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Strabismus
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improper eye alignment, can lead to blindness (cross-eyed, lazy-eye)[Senses]
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Detatched Retina
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It is a medical emergency that can lead to vision loss and blindness[Senses]
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Diabetic Retinopathy
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blood vessels in eye burst due to diabetes, can lead to blindness[Senses]
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Glaucoma
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increased pressure in the eye that pinches off tiny blood vessels that supply the retinal layer, leading to blindness[Senses]
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Nyctalopia
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night blindness caused by Vitamin A deficiency [Senses]
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Macular Degeneration(two types)
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Dry:caused by blood not getting to a spot on the retina
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Color-blindness
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genetic and X-linked; more common in men because it is a recessive gene on the X chromosome
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Scatoma
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the central visual field damaged; a large black dot in central field of vision, can only use peripheral vision[Senses]
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Otosclerosis
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inherited bone disorder where the stapes isn’t shaped correctly. First appears as tinnitus, or a sudden idiopathic ringing in the ears, eventually progresses to hearing loss[Senses]
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Otitis
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inflammation of the ear[Senses]
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Presbycusis
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deafness associated with aging[Senses]
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Progressive nerve deafness
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Is causes by long-term exposure to loud noise[Senses]
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Meniere’s Disease
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an inner-ear disorder; symptoms are tinnitus, nerve deafness, and vertigo. It is caused by increased pressure and volume in the inner ear
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Hyperthyroidism
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It is the hyper secretion of T4, T3= increased BMR. It is characterized by restlessness and exophthalmoses (protruding eyes). It is the inherited form of Graves' Disease.[Endocrine]
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Hypothyroidism
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It is the hypo secretion of T4, T3. May result in Goiter. [Endocrine]
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Cushing’s syndrome
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moon face, hump on back, elevated sugar in blood, frequent infection; caused by hypersecretion of GC's. [Endocrine]
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Addison’s disease
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muscle weakness, decrease blood sugar, nausea, appetite loss, weight loss; caused by hypersecretion of cortical hormones[Endocrine]
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Hyper secretion of Adrenal Androgens (testosterone)
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This disease may result from a tumor and it is the masculization of women.[Endocrine]
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2. non-insulin dependent
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1. hypo secretion of insulin
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Anemia
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inability of blood to carry adequate oxygen to tissues; characterized by abnormal red blood cell numbers and
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Anaplastic Anemia
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low RBC number caused by bone marrow destruction[RBC]
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Pernicious Anemia
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low RBC count caused by lack of vitamin B-12[RBC]
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Folate-deficiency Anemia
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low RBC number caused by lack of folic acid (B-9)[RBC]
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Iron deficiency anemia
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low hemoglobin caused by lack of iron[RBC]
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Hemolytic anemia
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abnormal hemoglobin that causes deformation and fragility of red blood cells[RBC]
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Sickle cell anemia
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inherited disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin causes characteristic RBC deformities[RBC]
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Thalassemia
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inherited disorder in which a small amount of abnormal hemoglobin is produced[RBC]
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Leukopenia
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abnormally low count[WBC]
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Leukocytosis
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abnormally high count[WBC]
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Leukemia
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cancer of the white blood cells; results in high WBC count; cells do not function properly[WBC]
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Thrombosis
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formation of an inappropriate stationary clot (thrombus)[Platelets]
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Embolism
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dislodged blood clot [Platelets]
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Hemophilia
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X-linked inheritance of inability to form essential clotting factors[Platelets]
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Thrombocytopenia
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abnormally small number of platelets[Platelets]
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Stenosed valve
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narrower than normal with causes a decrease in blood flow and an increase in blood pressure[Circulation]
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Rheumatic heart disease
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Delayed reaction to strep and it can damage heart valves[Circulation]
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Mitral Valve Prolapse
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Backflow from the mitral valve[Circulatory]
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Arteriosclerosis
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hardening of arteries; causes reduced blood flow, possibly causing ischemia that may progress into necrosis (gangrene)[Circulation]
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Atherosclerosis
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disorder in which lipids and other matter block
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Aneurysm
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abnormal widening of arterial wall. They promote formation of thrombi that may obstruct vital tissues. They may burst, resulting in life threatening hemorrhage[Circulation]
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Varicose veins
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enlarged veins which causes blood to pool[Circulation]
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Hemorrhoids
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varicose veins of the rectum [Circulation]
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Thrombophlebitis
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vein inflammation (phlebitis) accompanied by
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Renal calculi (kidney stones)
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many block ureters, causing intense pain called renal colic[Urinary]
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Urinary Tumors
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renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) and bladder cancer are often characterized by hematuria (blood in urine)[Urinary]
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Urethritis
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inflammation of the urethra[Urinary]
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Cystitis
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inflammation or infection of the urinary bladder[Urinary]
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Pyelonephritis
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inflammation of the renal pelvis and connective
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Hydronephrosis
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enlargement of renal pelvis and calyces[Urinary]
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Hypoalbuminemia
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low plasma protein (albumin) level;
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Edema
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tissue swelling caused by loss of water from plasma as a result of hypoalbuminemia[Urinary]
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Acute renal failure
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abrupt reduction in kidney function that is usually reversible[Urinary]
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Chronic renal failure
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slow, progressive loss of nephrons caused by a variety of underlying diseases[Urinary]
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GERD: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
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severe/ongoing heartburn[Digestive]
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Gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach[Digestive]
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Anorexia
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appetite loss[Digestive]
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Nausea
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upset stomach[Digestive]
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Emesis
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vomiting[Digestive]
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Pylorospasm
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irregular contractions of pyloric sphincter[Digestive]
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Ulcers
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open wounds caused by acid, occurs in duodenum of stomach[Digestive]
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Enteritis
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intestinal inflammation[Digestive]
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Malabsorption syndrome
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stomach not absorbing properly[Digestive]
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Gallstones
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crystallized bile salts, can cause jaundice[Digestive]
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Hepatitis(A, B, C)
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inflammation of liver, jaundice, anorexia, discomfort, gray-white fecal matter, dark urine, caused by toxins, bacteria, viruses, parasites[Digestive]
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Cirrhosis
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replace normal liver tissue w/ fatty fibrous tissue (liver failure)[Digestive]
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Portal hypertension
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increase in blood pressure in hepatic portal vein from liver backup[Digestive]
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Pancreatitis
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inflammation of pancreas[Digestive]
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Cystic fibrosis
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thickened secretions slows down pancreatic juices[Digestive]
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Diverticulitis
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inflammation of the diverticula(pouch in large intestine)[Digestive]
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Colitis
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inflammation of colon[Digestive]
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Acites
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fluid in peritoneal space- bloating[Digestive]
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Leukoplakia
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precancerous cells that are associated with snuff dipper's pouch[Digestive]
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Dental caries
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precursor to cavities that results in cavities[Digestive]
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Gingivitis
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inflammation or infection of gums, can result from poor oral hygiene, diabetes, pregnancy[Digestive]
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Peridontitis
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leading cause of tooth lose among adults, inflammation of periodontal membrane[Digestive]
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Thrush/oral candidiasis
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yeast infection in back of throat and tongue caused by a fungus[Digestive]
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Congenital defects
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cleft palate and cleft lip[Digestive]
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