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142 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscles contract and remain
-paralyses of resp. muscles |
c. tetani
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Muscles can't contract
-flaccid paralysis |
c. botulinum
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headache
stiff neck convulsions |
N. meningitits
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high fever
delirum comma |
N. meningitis - if left untreated
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lesion may develop- tubercle
-cough -greenish or bloody sputum -fever -chest pain |
m. tuberculosis
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produce greenish pigment ( on wounds etc)
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PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
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conjunctivitis
-conjunctiva (inner lid) inflamed. |
eye infection/ chlamydia trachomatis
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secondary bacterial infection can cause corneal damage and blindness
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eye infection/ chlamydia trachomatis
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In males - non gonococcal urethritis
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Genital infection/ Chlamydia trachomatis
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In females- cervicites, endometritis, pelvic inflammatory disease.
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Genital infection/ Chlamydia trachomatis
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deprivation of body fluids and electrolytes
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E coli
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Some strains make toxins that kill cells in colon producing an ulcer
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e. coli
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damages ribosomes
bloody diarrhea kidney damage ( mostly in children) |
e. coli/ 0157 strain
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pyoderma( impetigo)
burning itchy patches that break and form yellow crust |
Grp. A strep / skin infection
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spread to underlying skin layers- more invasive
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Erysipelos/ Grp. A strep/ skin infections
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redness
swelling pain pus filled nodules on tonsils |
Grp. A strep/ Throat Infection
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Grp. A strep /throat infections can cause what 2 diseases due to complications
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Scarlet Fever
Rheumatic Fever |
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due to Erythrogenic toxin
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Scarlet Fever
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bright red rash over face trunk arms and legs
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scarlet fever
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fever
inflammation and injury |
rheumatic fever
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fluid spreads > out lungs
-cough, rust colored sputum -abnormal breathing sounds may be heard |
Grp. D strep/ Step pneumonia
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abcess ( lesion called furuncle)
-causes most wound infections -furuncles (if) join dev. carbuncle |
S. aureus
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What two diseases does staph cause due to its toxins
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Food poisoning
Toxic shock syndrome |
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cramping
nausea vomiting diarrhea within 2-6 HRS. recovery- 24 hrs |
Food poisoning/ staph
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fever
vomiting rash |
Toxic shock syndrome
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thrush
vaginal yeast systemic candidiasis |
C. Albicans ( fungal)
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painful vaginitis(itch & burn)
-frothy discharge |
trichomonas vaginalis
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in males affects urethra but rarely causes symptoms
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trichomonas vaginalis
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vesicles on genitals
-urethrits -painful urination -cervicitis -itching |
HSV 2
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jaundice
-liver tender and enlarged -cause cirrhosis and liver cancer |
Hepatitis B
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sore throat
-muscle ache -rash -enlarged lymph nodes |
Aids/ HIVe
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fever
-headache -sore throat -muscle ache -cough ( little or no sputum) May cause pneumonia -uncommon |
Influenza
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gram + spore forming rod
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clostridium
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gram - cocci
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neisseria
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rods retain primary dye -
-R acid fast rods - grow slowly - have wax layer , very resistant to phagocytosis, drying , germicides |
mycobacteria
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gram - rod
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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gram - cell wall
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chlamydia trachomatis
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gram - rod
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e. coli
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enteric pathogesn
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e. coli
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Name 2
Gram + cocci |
Staph and strep
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have two types b hemolysins
and alphas hemolysins |
Streptococcus
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Rapid lyses of bl cells, clear Zone
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B hemolysins (strep)
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Greening of blood (grp.d)
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strep
Alpha hemolysins |
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strep name two grps.
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Grp a
grp d |
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commonly seen on skin and mucous membranes
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staph
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considered to be th most resistant of all non spore forming pathogens
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staph
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resists drying, many disinfectants and antibiotics
- causes many nosocomial infections |
staph
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protozoan infection
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trichomonas vaginalis
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an rna virus
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Influenza
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antitoxin given name 2
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c. tetani and c. botulinum
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vaccine DpT- tetanus toxoid
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c. tetani
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penicillan, rifampin
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n. meningitis (vaccine yes)
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RIFAMPIN AND STREPTOMYCIN
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M. tuberculosis
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combination therapy
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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tetracycline and erythromycin
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eye infection/genital infection
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restore fluids/cephalosporin
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e.coli
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penicillan
-tetracycline |
Grp. A strep
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Penicillan
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Grp. D strep
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antiviotics
drain abcesses penicillans and vancomysin |
s. aureus
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topical antifungal ointment
-fluconazole -amphotericin b |
c. albicans
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flagyl
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trichomonas vaginalis
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acyclovirq
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HSV one and two
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azt and DDI
Inhibitors |
Aids/HIV
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Vaccine available
amantadine -type a neuraminidas inhibitors- relenza (inhaled) tamiflu(oral |
influenza
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has anitgens that place into 3 grps.
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influenza
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what virus has two spikes? Name spikes ?
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Influenza
1.Hemagluttin spike 2.Neuraminidase Spike |
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Virus attach to epithelial cell and enter is called and what virus
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Hemagluttin spike/influenza
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antigenic drift occurs in what virus?
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influenza
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breaks bond between virus and hosts cells so it cna tattach to nearby cells
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Neuraminidase spike/Influenza
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two diff. strains exchange dna makin new H and N protein. and in what virus
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Antigenic drift/influenza
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Transmitted by inhaled aerosols
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Influenza
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can cause pneumonia -most deaths due to secondary bacterial infection
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influenza
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found in
-blood -semun -vaginal fluid -feces |
Hep B
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enters body -> break in skin or mucous membranes
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HEP B
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multiplies in liver
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HEP B
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The livers excretion of bile into intestines is disrupted and the pigment )______ found in bile enters bloodstream causing jaudnice? What disease?
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bilirubin
HEP B |
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found in
-blood -semun -vaginal fluid |
HIV/Aids
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Has 2 RNA strands
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HIV
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Spread > direct contact- sexual activity, blood products
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HIV
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HIV- It uses its __ ___ to attach to receptors on b and t cells, macrophages, t helper cells with the ___ anitigen as its main target
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Envelope spikes
CD4` |
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HIV- the virus uses its envelope spike to bind to the CD4 and the _ receptor of the host cell
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CCR5
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HIV/ The virus enters and rele3ases its _______
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RNA
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HIV/ _______ _______ changes its RNA into DNA and the viral dna is incorporated into the host dna
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reverse transcriptae
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HIV/ Viral __ and proteins r made and new viruses r assembled and released
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mRNA
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Blood tests detect igs
no vaccine |
Hiv/aids
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can cause
pneumoni -tb -cancer of bl and lymph vess.(karpois sarcome) -yeast infections |
Aids
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block dna prod and synthesis-
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azt/ddi for aids/hiv
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transmitted bycontaminated sputum/droplets from coughing sneezing
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M tuberculosis
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Enters hos > resp. tract
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m. tuberculosis
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resides in the lungs
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M. tuberculosis
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transmitted by contaminated sputum/droplets from coughing and sneezing
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m.tuberculosis
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enters hos > resp. tract
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m. tuberculosis
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resides in the lungs
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M tuberculosis
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amcrophages phagocytize
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m. tuberculosis
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Most people recover more or less completely
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m. tuberculosis
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the bacillus may spread to other body parts
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m. tuberculosis
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found in soil and water
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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resistant to antibiotics, soaps, disinfectants, drugs, drying
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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freq. contaminant of humidifiers,ventilatiors,iv solutions,disinfected instruments
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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very opportunistic organism
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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produces exotoxins, a resistant slime layer and various enzymes that break down host tissues
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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10*20 % of nosocomial infections
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pseudomonas aeruginosa
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lives in naso pharynx and skin
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Grp a strep
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can cause a flesh eating bacteria
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Grp. A strep
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results when microve multiplies in tonsils or pahryngeal mucous membranes
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Throat infectio
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cused by a strain that carries a prophage coding for a toin called erythrogenic toxin
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scarlet fever
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may occur when we make ig's against strep antigens by certain strains.
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rheumatic fever
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igs may cross react with simila antigins found in th e heart and joints causing inflammation and injury. may be fatal when it damages heart valves
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Rheumatic fever
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causes 60% of bacterial pneumonia
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Grp. D strep
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Transmitted > resp. drop
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Grp. D strep
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If microbe enters lungs the inflammatory response releases lrg. amounts of fluid to.
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Grp D strep
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Because of their capsule they escape phagocytosis
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Grp D strep
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Causes mos deaths per year in us than any vaccine preventable disease
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Grp. D strep
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normall found in
mouth- genitals lrg intest skin 20% of pop |
c. albicans
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risk factprs:
pill diabetes antibiotic therapy |
yeast infections
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if enters blood , results r grave ( heart and brain)
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systemic candidiasis
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flagellate protozoan causes trichononiasis and is sex transmitted
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Trichomonas vaginalis
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called lock jaw
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c. tetani
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spores from soil enter puncture wounds, burns, etc.
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C. Tetani
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Produces a tetanus toxin______ which binds to neurons and prevents them from releasing inhibitory nerotransmitters that cause muscles to relax
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tetanospasm/ c. tetani
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the toxin enter the neurons and prevents the release of _______ which causes muscle contraction
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acetylcholine/ c. botulinum
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most infections occur late winter early spring
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n. menengitits
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Transmitted > contaminated air droplets
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n. meningitis
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Uses its pili to attach to resp. tract
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N, meningitis
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Those that move from mucous membranes and enter blood stream penetrate the menenges causing sumptoms which is due 2 pressure swueezing brain against the skull
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n. meningitis
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The microbe has an IGA protease for production
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N. Meningitis
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has endotoxin
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N. meningitis
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the mos frequent cause in young chilren is a gram-cocobacillus hemophilus influenza
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n. meningitis
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transmitted sxually
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genital infection
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can block tubes causing sterility and ectopic pregnancy
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genital infection
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the ones with toxin producing plasmid genes cause diarhheal disese from
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e.coli
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found in contaminate food and water
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e.coli
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found in meat
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the 0157 strain/e.coli
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a strain of e. coli is more serious because it causes more fluid loss
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vibrio cholera from cholera
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toxins act on the nerves of intestines causing symptome
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food poisoning
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super absorbant tampons may cause toxin production, superantigen by a strain
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toxic shock syndrome`
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obligate parasites
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chlamydia trachomatis
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alternate between 2 stages?
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chlamydia trachomatis
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sm. inactive infectious form
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elementary body/chlamydia trachomatis
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lrger active non infectious form
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reticulate body?chlamydia trachomatis
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from contaminated fingers, fomites, flies etc
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Eye infection
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wound infections caused by _______r the most common nosocomial infections.
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staph
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