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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What connects the Pituitary to the Hypothalmus?
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Infundibulum
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What hormones regulate the menstral cycle and secretion of male and female hormones?
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Leutinizing Hormone (LH) |
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The Adrenal Cortex is stimulated by what hormone?
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ACTH- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
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What hormone increases the synthesis of protien and promotes the growth of bone and tissues?
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Growth Hormone (GH)
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What is the 'Master Gland' which is controlled by the Hypothalamus?
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the Pituitary Gland
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The body is conservative and secretes homones only as needed through....
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negative feedback
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Name for a gland that fails to secrete its hormone or secretes an inadequate amount due to tumor, trauma, surgery or radiation...
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Underactivity=hypoactive
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The Hypophysis of the Pituitary gland has 2 parts...
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Anterior=Adenohypophysis
Posterior=Neurohypophysis |
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Which part of the hypophysis secretes 6 tropic hormones, regulates the adrenal gland, and its activity is directed by the hypothalmus?
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Anterior=Adenohypophysis
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Which part of the hypophysis recieves hormones secreted by the hypothalamus and then stores them for later release?
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Posterior=Neurohypophysis
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Diseases caused by hyperpituitarism?
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Giantism
Acromegaly |
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What disease occurs in children from inadequate growth hormone and causes small height and underdevelopment sexually?
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Pituitary Dwarfism
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What is the etiology of hyperpituitarism?
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Adenoma (tumor)
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Excessivelinear growth prior to growth plate closure causes....
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Giantism
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These are signs of what disease?
Hypersecretion of GH after puberty, long bones quit growing, curvature of spine, protusionof tongue, and excessive growth of soft tissue... |
Acromegaly
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Name of an anti-diuretic that causes smooth muscle contraction of the uterine muscles...
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Oxytocin
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In the absence of ADH, water is not reabsorbed by the kidney and is lost in urine..this is a symptom of ...
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Diabetes Insipidus
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Disease in which the kidney fails to concentrate urine in response to ADH..ADH levels are normal...
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Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
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Treatment of Diabetes Insipidus includes...
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ADH taken by injection, orally, or by nasal spray to maintain normal urine output
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What is produced in the thyroid gland from the mineral iodine?
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T3-triiodothyronine
T4-thyroxine |
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What hormone assures that enought body heat is produced to keep normal body temp even in cold environments?
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Thyroxine
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Functions of Thyroid gland...
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regulates metabolic rate, secretes hormones, opposite of parathyroid..stimulates the increased deposition of Ca into bone lowering blood levels of Ca.
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Thyroid gland synthesizes, stores, and releases thyroid hormones which contain...
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Iodine
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Thyroxine stimulates cellular metabolism by increasing the rate of __?__ use with energy and heat production.
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Oxygen
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What is converted to energy in the presence of O2 and the waste products of metabolism, including CO2 are formed.
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Nutrients
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What hormone assures that enought body heat is produced to keep normal body temp even in cold environments?
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Thyroxine
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Functions of Thyroid gland...
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regulates metabolic rate, secretes hormones, opposite of parathyroid..stimulates the increased deposition of Ca into bone lowering blood levels of Ca.
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Thyroid gland synthesizes, stores, and releases thyroid hormones which contain...
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Iodine
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Thyroxine stimulates cellular metabolism by increasing the rate of __?__ use with energy and heat production.
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Oxygen
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What is converted to energy in the presence of O2 and the waste products of metabolism, including CO2 are formed.
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Nutrients
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When the level of circulating thyroxine is high, andanterior pituitary is inhibited and stops releasing what hormone? (negative feedback mechanism)
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TSH
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If the bodys supply of what mineral is low...the thyroid cannot produce thyroxine?
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Iodine
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What is the primary disease of the thyroid gland?
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Myxedema
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Treatment for Myxedema?
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Thyroxine
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If the thyroid gland fails to form in fetal development or the mom suffers from low iodine it causes what disease?
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Cretinism
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Signs of Cretinism?
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Sexual organs do not develop, face is misshapen, stocky stature, and protruding abdomen.
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Symptoms of Myxedema?
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slow heartrate,shallow breathing,decreased body temp,convulsions,low O2 to organs
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What is the most common etiology for Graves Disease?
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Thyrotoxicosis
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What regulates Carbohydrates in the body?
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the Glucocorticoid hormone..cortisol
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The adrenal cortex is stimulated by....
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ACTH
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Adrenal gland activity is increased by the plasma level of...
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Cortisol
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What deficiency leads to low blood sugar, impaired protien and carbohydrate metabolism, and weakness?
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Cortisol deficiency
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Corticotropin stimulates Melanin...an increase of this causes hyperpigmantation associated with what disease?
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Addison's Disease
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Addison's disease can be life-threatening and must be treated with...
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corticosteroid replacement
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An excess of Cortisol hormone causes what disease?
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Cushing's Syndrome
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What cells build up bone?
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Osteoclasts
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If Ca levels in the blood decrease what hormone levels in the blood increase and stimulate bone breakthrough...
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parathyroid hormone
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What regulates the level of circulating calcium, andphosphate, and osteoclastic and blasticactivity?
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Parathyroids
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The principal manifestation of hypoparathyroidism is ______, a sustained muscular contraction.
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Tetany
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Excessive parathormone raises the level of Ca above normal, a condition called...
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hypercalcemia
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As the Ca level rises,,, what level falls?
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Phosphate
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Excessive Ca causes kidney stones because Ca forms...
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insoluble compounds
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Complications of hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia?
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Kidney stone formation
spontaneous fractures, calcification of organ walls, calcification of blood vessel walls |
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What section of the pancreas produces insulin and glucagon?
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Islets of Langerhans
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Glucose primarily enters what cells?
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Skeletal muscle cells, and fat cells
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In DM type 1 metabolism of fat makes...
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ketones
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Over 250 mg ketones causes...
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Ketoacidosis
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Which Diabetes is insulin dependant and accounts for 90-95% of Diabetes?
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Type 2
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Death rate for heart disease is how many times higher for adults?
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2-4 times
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The nervous system is affected by poor circulation, pain, tingling, and paralysis..these are symptoms of...
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Neuropathy
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A fasting blood glucose test is taken after the pt. has fasted for how long?
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8 hours
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