Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Diseases of Bones part 2
metabolic diseases |
-
|
|
|
metabolic disorders include? (5)
|
rickets/osteomalacia
osteoperosis paget's disease fibrous dysplasia hypertrophic osteoarthropathy |
|
|
features of rickets and osteomalacia are?
|
vit D deficiency -dec mineralization of bone
rickets in children osteomalacia in adults |
|
|
Sources of Vit D include?
|
Diet- meat and dairy
skin: 7-dehydrocholesterol- from UVR in sun Liver: hydroxylated into 25-hydroxyvitamin D (inactive Kidney: 1-25 dihydroxyvitamin D (active form) -->incr absorption of Ca and phosphorous frojm intestine |
|
|
Causes of Vit D deficiency are?
|
no sunlight
dietary deficiency malabsorption renal/liver failure phosphate depletion |
|
|
Clinical features of rickets in growing children include?
|
failure of deposition of Ca phosphate in zone of calcified cartilage ---> failure of deposition of Ca in newly formed bone= soft easily deformed bone
|
|
|
features of the chest?
Long bones? |
1. rachitic rosary
2. harrisons sulcus- groove opposite origin of diaphragm 3. pigeon chest- flat of sides and protrusion of sternum 4. bending of weight bearing bones |
|
|
Osteomalacia(soft bone)
occurs in adults. Pathogenesis is? |
defective mineralization---> soft, deformed bones---> bone pain
|
|
|
Osteoperosis-
features include? |
dec total mass of bones
2. loss of organic matrix and minerals 3. most common metabolic abn in USA |
|
|
Etiology of osteoperosis?
|
1. senile- aging: attenuated osteoblasts
2. post-menopausal-estrogen deficiency 3. prolonged immoblization- atrophy 4. endocrine disease- hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
clinical features include?
|
affects all bones
symptoms felt in weight bearing bones---> change in shape, dec height, compression fracture, kyphosis = BACK PAIN Long bones: pathological fracture (femur neck) |
|
|
management of osteoperosis includes?
|
drug therapy- evista
HRT exercise dietary of calcium b4 age 30 adjustment SUPPLEMENTATION- Ca Vit D |
|
|
Paget's Disease features include?
|
3-4% of population over 60 yrs
|
|
|
Etiology include?
|
1. genetics
-familial -assoc w/ certain HLA -high among british 2. slow virus infection of osteoclasts |
|
|
Pagets may involve one bone(monostotic) or many (polystotic) and have three phases... what are the three?
|
1. osteolytic phase
2. osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage 3. osteoblastic stage--> ends in osteoslcerosis |
|
|
Osteolytic stage includes?
|
focal areas of bone resorption
-bone replacement by vascular conn tissue - large osteoclasts w/ 12 or more hyperchromatic nuclei |
|
|
Osteoclastic-osteoblastic stage includes?
|
new bone, dec mineralization at margins (tile or mosaic appearance)
|
|
|
osteoblastic stage includes?
|
excess osteoblastic activity
-soft, poorly minerlaized new bones -ending in osteosclerosis |
|
|
Complications of Paget's disease include?
|
malignant change
-bone deformity -arterio-venous fistula--->heart failure |
|
|
a radiograph of the spine will present?
|
vert shorter and wider than normal display with picture frame appearance
|
|
|
Clinical manifestations of Paget's disease includes?
1. enlargement of skull bones... |
1. leontiasis ossea (lion face)
2. nerve compression (hear loss) 3. kyphosis |
|
|
clinical manifestations continued...
2. vertebrae 3. long bones present? |
collapse, microfractures
2. bowing of femur, tibia |
|
|
Fibrous Dysplasia-
features are? |
replacemetn of bone by fibrous tissue
2. lesion starts at medullary, extend to cortex 3. bone replaced by -fibroblasts -collagen fibers -scattered trabeculae of irregular bones -affects long bones,ribs,skull, facial bones |
|
|
Fibrous dyspalsia is either monostotic in ___% or polystotic (many bones) in ___%
|
70
25 |
|
|
Albright syndrome in 5% of cases is associated with ?
|
endocrine dysfunction
|
|
|
Albright syndrome presents with?
|
multiple unilaterla bone lesions
2. unilateral pigmented skin (cafe-au-lait spots) over buttocks, sacrum, back |
|
|
fibrous dysplasia-
radiograph of proximal femur shows a "shepherds's crook" caused by? |
fractures sustained over the years. shaft has appearance that has been likened to a soap bubble
|
|
|
HYPERTROPHIC (PULMONARY) OSTEOARTHROPATHY
|
-
|
|
|
etiology of lung includes?
heart? 3. crohns disease 4. carcinoma of thyroid |
1. bronchiectasis
-abscess -carcinoma 2. bacterial endocarditis -congenital cyanotic heart disease |
|
|
clinical manifestations of hypertrophic (pulmonary) osteoarthropathy
|
clubbing of fingers
periostitis, new bone formation arthralgia and arthritis |
