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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define emerging disease
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New
Reemerging Drug resistant Incidence in humans increasing in past 2 decades Incidence threatens to increase in future |
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Characteristics of emerging diseases (4)
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1. Adoption
2. Zoonoses 3. Selective advantage to existing pathogen 4. Move from rural to urban with migration |
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What is "adoption"
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A new disease into a previously unexposed population (e.g. cholera in latin america, small pox in new world)
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an existing pathogen's presence in environment?
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Deforestation
Antibiotic use Natural disasters |
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What common EIDs moved from rural to urban?
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HIV, cholera, dengue
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What are the 6 factors of emerging infectious disease?
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1. Ecological change and ag devt
2.Changes in human demographics and behavior (urbanization) 3. International trade and commerce 4. Technology and industry 5. Microbial adaptation to change 6. Breakdown of PubHeath infrastructure |
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How does eco change and ag devt impact disease emergence?
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1. Zoonoses with high mortality rates (e.g. hantavirus...increase rain...more rodents in houses)
2. Lyme dz (deforestation moves deer closer to humans) 3. Junin virus from rodents when grassland converted to maize 4. Influenza mutation with pig/duck farming in china (mixing mammalian and bird flu strains) 5. Increased standing water in ag leads to mosquitos -- japanese encephalitis |
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How does human behavior affect disease spread?
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Urbanization/crowding
Sexual practices (STDs, HIV) |
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How does trade/commerce influence dz spread?
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Trade carrying rats brough plague
Ships carrying slaves to americas brought yellow fever Aedes albopictus to US from asia brough West nile birus Ships from asia brought cholera |
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How does technology impact dz spread?
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Global food importation/production brings associated dz
Mass food production (e.g. cattle) contaminates large quantities -- e.g. e coli 0157 spread nationally |
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How does microbial adaptation influence disease devt?
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Antibiotic resistance
Mutrations and acquisition of virulance factors (e.g. antigenic shift in influeza, necrotizing fasciitis due to new group A strep) |
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How does breakdown in public health infrastructure promote dz devt?
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Decreased TB surveilance leads to reemergence
Reduced vaccines creates epidemics (measles) Inadequate water filtration leads to waterborne outbreak -- milwakee |
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What is the CDC Prevention Strategy for EID?
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1. Detect, investigate and monitor emerging dz
2. Integrate lab science and epi to optimize pub healht 3. Enhance pub health communication to educate/prompt strategic implementation 4. Strengthen local, state and fed pub health infrastructure to support surveillance and implement prevention/control |
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What is lassa fever?
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Hemorrhagic fever spread by rats
1/3 infected die Flu like illness, n/V/D, shock, resp distress, sizures, deafness From rodent urine/saliva Spread human to human No vaccine Tx: riboviron (maybe) Subsaharan africa |
