Disease And Epidemiology - Ch 14

Front 1

Define Pathology

Back 1

scientific study of disease

Front 2

Define Pathogens

Back 2

Disease causing microorganisms

Front 3

Define Etiology

Back 3

Cause of disease

Front 4

What is Pathogenesis

Back 4

manner in which a disease develops

Front 5

Define Infection

Back 5

Invasion of the body by microbes

Front 6

What is disease?

Back 6

Abnormal state in which part or all of the body is not peforming normally

Front 7

Define Normal Microbotia (flora)

Back 7

Permanent microbes that do not cause harm to the body

Front 8

Where do normal Microbotia get nutrients?

Back 8

Cell excretion and secretions, body fluids, dead cells and food in GI tract

Front 9

Name 2-3 physical and chemical factors that affect normal microbiotia

Back 9

CO2, salinity, temperature

Front 10

List the factors that alter the numbers and types of normal microbiota from one person to another

Back 10

age, nutritional status, diet, disability, hospitalization, emotional state, stress, climate, geography, hygiene, living conditions, occupation, lifestyle

Front 11

What is Symbiosos?

Back 11

Relationship between normal microbiota and the host

Front 12

Define Commensalism and give one example

Back 12

Symbotic relationship where one organism is benefited and one is unaffected
Corynebacteria

Front 13

Define Mutualism and give one example

Back 13

Symbosis that benefits both organisms.
E. coli in intestines synthesizes Vit K and some B

Front 14

Define Parsitism

Back 14

Symbosis where one organism is benefited
at the expense of the other

Front 15

Define Opportunistic Pathogens and give one example

Back 15

pathogens that do not normally cause disease by may in different environments
Pneumocystis jirobeci

Front 16

List Koch's postulates (4)

Back 16

1. Pathogen must be present in every case of the disease
2. Myst be isolated from host and grown in pure culture
3. Pure culture must cause disease in healthy animal
4. Must be isolated from animal and be original microbe

Front 17

Define Symptoms and give two examples

Back 17

changes in body function
Pain, malaise

Front 18

Define Signs and give four examples

Back 18

Objective changes doctor can observe and measure
Lesions, swelling, fever, paralysis

Front 19

What is a communicable disease? Give five examples

Back 19

Disease that spreads form one host to another
Chicken pox, measles, genital herpes, typhoid, TB

Front 20

Define contagious disease and give two examples

Back 20

Disease easily spread from one person to another
Chicken pox, measles

Front 21

What is a noncommunicable disease and give one example

Back 21

Disease not spread from one host to another
Tetanus

Front 22

Define Endemic disease and give one example

Back 22

Disease constantly present in a population
Common cold

Front 23

Define Epidemic and give one example

Back 23

Several people acquire a disease in a short period of time
Influenza

Front 24

Define Pandemic and give two examples

Back 24

Worldwide epidemic
Influenza, AIDS

Front 25

Define Acute disease and give one example

Back 25

Disease that develops rapidly and lasts short time.
Influenza

Front 26

Define Chronic disease and give three examples

Back 26

Disease that develops slowly and last long time.
Mono, B, hepatitis B

Front 27

Define Latent disease and give one example

Back 27

Cause remains inactive but can become active
Shingles

Front 28

Define local infection and give two exmaples

Back 28

microbes limited to small area of body
Boils, abscesses

Front 29

Define systemic infection and give one examples

Back 29

Spread throughout body by blood or lymph
measles

Front 30

List 10 predisposing factors
that would make the body
more susceptible to disease

Back 30

Gender, genetics, climate,
weather, inadequate nutrition,
fatigue, age, environment,
preexisting illness,
chemotherapy and emotional disturbances

Front 31

What is a reservoir of infection

Back 31

Continual source of infection

Front 32

What is Human reservoir of infection?

Back 32

-Principal living reservior of human disease.
-Living resource of infection.
-Can pass infection to another with or without being ill.

Front 33

What is Animal reservoir of infection?

Back 33

Wild and domestic animals carry microbes
that can cause human disease. Called zoonoses

Front 34

Name two non-living reservoirs of infection?

Back 34

Soil and water

Front 35

Define, give example of and
three types of diseases of
DIRECT CONTACT

Back 35

Direct transmission of agent by physical contact between source and susceptible host.
Touching, kissing, intercourse
Cold, Hep A, Measles

Front 36

INDIRECT CONTACT: Define and give examples of fomites

Back 36

Agent of disease transmitted from its reservoir to host by non-living object
Tissues, towels, bedding

Front 37

Define, give examples of and diseases of DROPLET

Back 37

Microbes spread in mucous
through coughing, sneezing,
laughing
Influenza, pneumonia, pertussis

Front 38

What is Vehicle of Transmission?

Back 38

Tranmission of disease agents by food, water and air

Front 39

How far do airborne transmissions travel?

Back 39

Less than one meter

Front 40

What are vectors?

Back 40

Animals that carry pathogens from one host to another

Front 41

Give 4 examples of arthropds that transmit pathogens

Back 41

Plasmodium spp - malaria
T. cruzi - Chaga's Disease
R. typhi - endemic nurine typyus
Yersinia pistis - plague

Front 42

What are nosocomial infections?

Back 42

Hospital acquired disease

Front 43

Name two ways nosocomial infections are transmitted.

Back 43

Microbes in environment
Compromised status of host

Front 44

What is the most important means to prevent infection?

Back 44

hand washing

Front 45

Define Epidemiology

Back 45

Science that studies when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted.