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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology |
the study of disease |
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Etiology |
the study of the cause of a disease |
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Pathogenesis |
the manner in which a disease develops |
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Disease |
change in the body away from a state of health |
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Infection |
growth of microorganisms in/on the body |
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Infectious disease |
leading cause of death in the world |
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Symbiosis |
the living together of two different organisms |
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Mutualism |
microorganism and host each benefit |
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Commensalism |
microorganism benefits, while host is unaffected |
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Parasitism |
microorganism benefits while host is harmed |
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Normal Flora |
mutual and commensal microorganisms living in/on the body at all times. |
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Microbial antagonism |
normal flora can prevent infection by pathogens |
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Outcompete |
space, nutrients, so other organisms can't grow there |
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Change in the environment |
Lactobacillus acidophilus produces acid |
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Secrete bacteriocins |
toxins released by bacteria that inhibit or prevent the growth of bacteria |
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Signs |
change due to disease that a person can observe and measure. Empirical |
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Symptoms |
change in the body function that is felt by a patient as a result of a disease |
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Communicable disease |
any disease that can spread from one host to another |
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Contagious disease |
a disease that is easily spread from one person to another |
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Non-communicable disease |
a disease that is not transmitted from one person to another |
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Incidence |
the fraction of a population that contracts a disease during a given time period |
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Prevalence |
the fraction of a population having a specific disease at a given time |
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Sporadic disease |
a disease that occur occasionally within a populaton |
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Endemic disease |
a disease that is constantly present within a certain population |
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Epidemic disease |
a disease acquired by many hosts in a gicen area in a short time |
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Pandemic disease |
an epidemic that occurs worldwide |
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Acute disease |
a disease in which symptoms develop rapidly, but last only for a short time |
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Chronic disease |
a disease that develops slowly and is likely to continue or recur for long periods |
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Latent disease |
a condition in which a pathogen remains within a host for long periods without producing disease |
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Local infection |
an infection in which pathogens are limited to a small area of the body |
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Systemic infection |
an infection throughout the body |
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Subclincal infection |
an infection that does not cause noticeable illness |
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Bacteremia |
a condition in which there are bacteria present in the blood |
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Toxemia |
the presence of toxins in the blood |
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Sepsis |
acute illness caused by the presence of toxins or pathogenic organisms in the blood or tissues |
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Primary infection |
an acute infection that causes the initial illness |
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Secondary infection |
an infection caused by an oppotunistic microbe after a primary infection has weakened the host's defenses |
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Incubation period |
no signs or symptoms |
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Prodromal period |
mild signs or symptoms |
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Period of illness |
most severe signs and symptoms |
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Period of decline |
signs and symptoms decline |
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Exotoxins |
protein toxins secreted by Gram + bacteria. Often the result of lyosgenic conversion |
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Type I |
super antigens. causes excess immune response |
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Type II |
Hemolysins. Break open red blood cells |
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Type III |
A/B toxins. Active and binding toxins that inhibit protein synthesis or neurotoxin |
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Endotoxins |
toxic substance located within the cell wall of Gram - bacteria that are released when the bacteria dies. |
