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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Pathogen? |
A microorganism that causes disease. E.g Bacteria, Virus or Fungi |
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For a microorganism to be considered a Pathogen, what must it do? |
-Gain entry into the cell -Colonise the tissue -Resist the cell's defences -Cause damage to the tissues |
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What is a disease? |
A malfunction of the body or mind which prevents good health and leads to recognisable symptoms of a disease |
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What is Transmission? |
The movement of a pathogen from one individual to another |
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How do microorganisms enter the body? |
-Via the gas exchange system -In food and water that we consume -Via cuts in the skin(before a blood clot forms) -Droplets of water from sneezes or coughs which get breathed in -Contact between the infected and uninfected (if disease is contagious) |
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How is the gas-exchange system easy for pathogens to enter the blood? |
-Has a large surface area -It's one cell thick -Well supplied with blood -Moist/sticky |
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How does the body try to prevent pathogens from entering? |
-Has a mucus layer that covers the exchange surface and forms a thick sticky barrier that is difficult to penetrate -Enzymes that break down the pathogens -Stomach acid which kills pathogens |
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How do pathogens cause disease? |
-Damage host tissues (Viruses) -Produce toxins (Bacteria) |
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What is a Risk? |
A measure of probability that damage to health will occur as a result of a given hazard |
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What are the factors which will increase your risk of getting cancer? |
-Smoking -Diet (high in salt and saturated fat) -Obesity -Lack of exercise -Sunlight |
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What does it mean to have a genetic predisposition to a disease? |
-An increased likelihood of developing a particular disease based on a person’s genetic makeup. -Results from specific genetic variations that are often inherited from a parent. |
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What is the Incubation Period? |
The time between infection and the appearance of symptoms |
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What factors increase the risk of develop CHD? |
-Smoking -High blood pressure (due to high levels of salt, stress and a lack of exercise) -High blood cholesterol (high levels of saturated fat) -Obesity -Diet (high levels of salt & saturated fat) -Lack of exercise |
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True or False: Correlation between two variables proves the cause of disease? |
FALSE!! Correlation doesn't prove causation |
