Disease

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Antibody :

Any of a large variety of proteins normally present in the body or produced in response to an antigen which it neutralizes, thus producing an immune response

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Bacteria :

Microscopic, single celled organisms

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Disease :

Anything that causes our body to stop working properly

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Pathogen :

An organism that causes disease

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Virus :

A pathogen about one hundred times smaller than a bacterium

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Macrophage :

A white blood cell that consumes pathogens and is found in the lymph nodes

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Axon :

A nerve fibre that sends nerve impulses away from the cell body

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Brain stem :

Part of the brain where the spinal cord enters the skull; it controls the body's vital functions, such as breathing, blood pressure and heart rate

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Cell body :

The part of the neurone that contains the nucleus

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Central nervous system :

The brain and the spinal cord

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Cerebrum :

Part of the brain that controls conscious thoughts, controls the movement of every body part, and receives sensory messages from each body part

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Cerebellum :

Part of the brain that is responsible for coordination and balance

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Dendrites :

Branches from the cell body that receive messages from other neurones

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Motor neurones :

Nerve cells that carry messages from the CNS

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Myelin sheath :

The insulating layer that covers a neurone

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Neurone :

A nerve cell

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Neurotransmitter :

A chemical message released at the end of an axon to be received by the next neurone's dendrites

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Peripheral nervous system (PNS) :

The nerves that carry message to and from the central nervous system and other parts of the body

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Receptor :

Special cells that detect stimuli

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Reflex actions :

Quick, automatic actions that protect the body from danger; they are also known as reflexes

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Sensory neurones :

Nerve cells that carry messages from cells in the sense organs to the CNS

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Synapse :

The space between two neurones

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Endocrine glands :

Glands that produce hormones

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Insulin :

Hormone produced in the pancreas that causes the liver and muscles to extract glucose from the bloodstream and store it in the liver and muscles

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Target cell :

The cells on which a hormone acts

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Hormone :

Chemical substances that act as messengers in the body

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Vaccine :

A chemical that causes your body to react as if it had encountered a pathogen

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