Discussion Questions Slp

Front 1

What are the muscles of expiration?

Back 1

The muscles of expiration are the internal intercostals, contraction with these muscles, they cause the rib cage to drop in assisting with moving the air in the lungs. Also the abdominal muscles

Front 2

How many lobes are in the right and left lung?

Back 2

There are two lobes in the left lung and three in the right lung

Front 3

ame 4 articulators of speech production.

Back 3

4 articulators of speech production are the lips, the tongue, the jaw, and the soft palate

Front 4

What is the sound source for speech production?

Back 4

The vocal folds.

Front 5

What are the divisions of the vocal tract?

Back 5

The three divisions of the vocal tract are: nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, and oropharynx.

Front 6

Name the parts of the Lower Respiratory system

Back 6

After passing through the Larynx the lower respiratory system begins with the trachea down to the left and right lung. Which branches into the left and right bronchi. The secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, alveolus, down to the alveoli

Front 7

Name the two ways to classify language disorders in children.

Back 7

The two ways that language disorders in children are classified are Developmental- when the disorder occurs shortly after birth or during growth and the other way is acquired- when the disorder is a result of an insult or injury after birth such as head trama or shaken baby syndrome!

Front 8

Name the two types of voice disorders.

Back 8

1. Aphonia - total loss of voice.
2. Dysphonia - partial disorder, weakness of voice (hoarse voice, too silent, too high...)

one more term:
Phonasthenia - phonation disorder, weakness, which appears when voice apparatus gets tired. (too high/low)

Front 9

Name the three systems involved with speech production.

Back 9

respiration, phonation and articulation.

Front 10

Name the 5 domain classifications of language

Back 10

semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, and pragmatics

Front 11

Name the three Rule governed domains of language

Back 11

1. content: vocabulary/lexicon (semantics)
2. form: how sounds and words are put together and organized to convey meaning (syntax, morphology, phonology)
3. use: the appropriateness language is in a particular setting (prematics)

Front 12

What are the two types of communication

Back 12

expressive and receptive language

Front 13

Define language

Back 13

it is a socially shared code that uses a system of arbitrary symbols to represent ideas that are meaningful to others who know the same code. It is also a rule governed system.

Front 14

What is ASHA

Back 14

ASHA stands for The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. It is the professional, scientific, and credentialing association for audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientist

Front 15

Places of Employment for SLPs

Back 15

1. school setting
2. hospital
3. medical clinic

also:

private practice
home health care
private practice
skilled nursing facilities

Front 16

Name the three educational requirements that are needed to become an SLP

Back 16

MA or MS degree from accredited school, passing Praxis examination and CFY

Front 17

Name the test that students must pass in order to start their CFY

Back 17

praxis exam

Front 18

Name the three systems involved with speech production.

Back 18

1. respiratory system (upper:nasal and oral cavities, pharynx and larynx & lower:trachea, bronchi, alveoli).
2. laryngeal system (larynx)
3. articulatory system (lips, jaw, toung, soft palate, pharyngeal walls)

Front 19

Name the two ways to classify language disorders in children.

Back 19

Developmental
Aquired

Front 20

What are the divisions of the vocal tract?

Back 20

The three divisions of the vocal tract are: nasopharynx, laryngopharynx, and oropharynx.

Front 21

What is the sound source for speech production?

Back 21

The vocal folds.

Front 22

What is the difference between breathing for speech and breathing at rest?

Back 22

breathing at rest is a passive function, the inhale of the breath will equal the exhale of the breath. Speech breathing is different because the intake of the breath is a lot shorter than the exhale because when you exhale you are speaking and you need to extend your breath for a longer period of time.

Front 23

Describe the changes in the larynx as we age.

Back 23

During infancy the larynx sits very high within the pharynx, which protects the infant from choking on mama's milk/formula and allows them to breathe simultaneously. As we age the the larynx begins to drop and the cartilages of the larynx expand. The size change is more drastic in males than it is in females.

Front 24

What unit of measurement is used to measure the pitch of the vocal folds?

Back 24

The unit of measurement used to measure the pitch of the vocal folds is called a hertz (Hz).

Front 25

Name the lobes of the brain and if they are paired or unpaired.

Back 25

Lobes: the frontal, a pair of temporal, a pair of parietal, and the occiptal lobe.

Front 26

What is contained in the PNS

Back 26

12 pairs of Cranial Nerves and 31 pair of spinal nerves.

Front 27

What area of the brain is involved with expressive language?

Back 27

Broca's area is involved with expressive language. Broca's area is located in the posterior portion of the left frontal lobe.

Front 28

Just name the early foundations for language development.

Back 28

Prephination, Cooing Gooing, Babbling, Jargon, Protowords,1 word, 2word combination, and 3word combinations.

Front 29

Describe Phase II of Joint reference and attention.

Back 29

This is the stage the baby and the care giver look at object together attending to something together or looking at a toy together.This is from six month to one year.At this stage an infant should be able to cordinate between an object and a caregiver and an object.Both the infant and caregiver can sit and look at a toy together.This exposure help them to develop vocabulary.The infants that have longer attention is more likely to develop bigger vocabulary.They use things such as eye gaze between an object and the caregiver and pointing which is a ritual gesture.This stage is also characterized by repeatition especially when they want something

Front 30

What are the rituals of Infancy

Back 30

feeding, bathing, dressing, and changing. activitys like these help the infant build conections with the caregiver, and can relate these things into everyday life.

Front 31

Define Phonological Process

Back 31

Phonological processes are the normal, expected phonological errors that young children make while learning to produce specific sounds and words. These errors are context specific and include omissions, additions, substitutions, and distortions

Front 32

Describe the error of omission.

Back 32

speeaker omits or takes out a sound from a word.

Front 33

Describe articulation disorders in children

Back 33

Articulation disorders in children are disorders that have to do with malfunctions of the articulators such as a child with cleft palate, hyper or hypo nasality, or problems with tongue size as in marco or micro glosia

Front 34

Describe Tongue Thrust

Back 34

Toung Thrust is a myofunctional disorder in which the toung is pushed forward though the teeth for alveolar speech sounds resulting in a type of lisp; /s/ is prodused like /th/. Toung Thrust is not a phonological disorder, as the underlying phonological system is intact. Rather. it is an impairment to motor system.

Front 35

Describe Anomalies of the oral and facial structure.

Back 35

Anomalies of the oral and facial structure are mostly genetical (drug and alcohol abuse, toxin exposure) or might be acquired. Cranio-facial anomalities could be such as microcephalia (small head, skull), hydrocephalia (too big head, too much production of liquids in brains); both indicate some level of mental retardation. Mental retardation and structural anomalies affect speech. Oral pathology could be such as microglosia (abnormally small toung) or macroglossia (abnormally large toung ex. - Down syndrome). Also there are disorders/anomalies with cleft pallet; based on neurological or structural pathologies.

Front 36

Name two Motor Speech Disorders

Back 36

Dysarthria and Apraxia

Front 37

Describe Developmental Dysarthria and Apraxia

Back 37

Developmental Dysarthria is a result of pre, peri or post natal damage to the nervous system. Known reasons may include abnormal development of the motor system due to genetic factors, insufficient oxygen during birth process, abuse of chemicals during pregnacy (alcohol) Head trauma during birthing process or premature birth.
Developmental Apraxia is an inability to articulate correctly what you want to convey. It is an impairment of the motor programing that allows for proper movement of the articulators. Characteristics may include slow speech, polonged durations of speech sounds, distortions of sound, pitch, duration and loudness.

Front 38

What are the most commonly tested phones when doing an articulation screening

Back 38

The most commonly tested phones are s,z,l and r for articulation screenings.