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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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large event which causes environmental damage , structural damage and/or loss of life
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disaster
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caused by extreme weather events e.g. cyclone Tracy 1974
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meteorological
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caused by disruptions in the earth plates e.g. Newcastle earthquake 1989
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geological
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caused by germs or bacteria e.g. AIDS epidemic 1980's
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biological
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sets out a list of what is and is not covered
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defined events
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broader range of cover list only things not covered
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accidental damage
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replaces stolen or damaged product with a new one
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replacement
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replace object to today value
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indemnity
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covered by in all insurance policies
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cyclone , storm , hail ,earthquake and bushfire
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not always covered in insurance policies
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flooding , storm surges , king tides, sea waves and changing level of ocean
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when defined as disaster
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$10 million in damage , over 100 claims for the same event , least 3 people dead and over 20 ill or injured
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arson bushfire , nuclear disaster , terrorist attack , massacres , wars and oil leaks
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caused by human activity
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element of nature and human
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combination disaster
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removal of trees meaning that soil doesn't have anything to keep on the ground so carried by heavy winds e.g.East Coast 2009
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dust storm
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removal of plants causing erosion then heavy rains caused gravity to go down e.g. Theadbow July 1977
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landslide
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items that can be removed without damage e.g. curtains
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fittings
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items that if removed cause damge e.g. kitchen sink
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fixture
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the covering of normally dry land by water escaping or released from the normal confines of a watercourse or lake. Also includes water escaping the confines of any reserviour ,channel ,canal or dam
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flood
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force with which pushes on an object in a given area
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air pressure
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measurement of air pressure
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hetopascals
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measuring device for measuring air pressure
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barometer
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causes mild, unrainy , light winds number get bigger as they come in
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high pressure system
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causes cold ,heavy wind , rain numbers get smaller as they come in
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low pressure system
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distance between lines of pressure
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isobar
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Form over ocean over 50m at 27oc , strong winds in clockwise direction and last for days, formed in low pressure system , heavy rains , floods and storm sturgees
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cyclone
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assocatied with the rapid movement of air upwards, associated with supecell , form over land or sea , very strong winds in clockwise direction , last for 10-15 minutes heavy rain ,hail , thunder and lightening
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tornadoes
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positoned just 36 000 kilometres above the Earth's surface uses light for daytime and infra red for night time to take pictures of cloud cover , can take natural diseaster as floodwaters , snow and bushfires
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geostationary satellite
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uses microwaves at the length of 10cm records presence of clouds ,rain and storms ,scattering when hits presence of moisture , using the speed light to record the time away form the storm
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radars
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used to record cloudless weather to record wind speeds using tiny infra red practicles
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lidar
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the palce where the earthquake started
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focus
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the point above the focus where earthquake is recorded
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epicentre
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the device to detect earthquakes
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seismograph
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the graph recording the earthquake waves
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seismogram
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the first waves, throguh the body of the earth , fastest , body wave carries kinestic energy longitual
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primary (p) waves
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through the body of the earth can't go through the liquid outer core , body transverse wave
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secondary (s) waves
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through the surface of the crust and waves go both directions most destructiom
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Long(l) waves
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elastic potential energy ( stored energy inside crust) -> kinestic energy ( movement at focus) -> L waves at the epicentre kinestic energy -> L waves travel around the crust kinestic energy ->L waves cause movement of structure kinestic energy -> sound and soem heat energy
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energy transformination
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the measurement of the amount of energy released from the earthquake
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Richter scale
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the measurement of the intensity of the damage of the earthquake
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Mercalli scale
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elastic potential energy (stored energy inside the crust) > kinetic energy (movement at the focus)
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energy transformations of an earthquake
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everything that burns
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fuel
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ignition temperature
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temperature needed to start fire
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bushfire travel easily as the slope and hot air rising making evaporating the moisture of the next plant
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uphill
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involves deliberately burning potential fuel for a fire when there is no wind
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controlled burning
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L waves at the epicentre (kinetic) > L waves travel around crust (kinetic) > L waves cause movement of structure (kinetic)> sound and some heat energy
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energy transfers and transformation involved in L waves as they travel along the Earth's crust
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plant matter burns (chemical potential energy) > heat and light hot air rises (chemical potential energy) > kinetic energy > heat energy from fire causes conduction > convection and radiation the heat from any fire is transferred to object about the fire
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energy transfers and transformations associated with bush fires
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is when land is burnt ahead of an existing bushfire this is done to reduce the intensity and fuel giving firefighters a better chance to defeat the fire
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back burning
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ways plants encourage bush fires
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trees like paper bark will shed back making a fire ladder for the fire climb up the canopy , shedding dry twigs and leaves to provide fuel , leaves with high oil content to have a lower ignition temperature
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examples of plants that retard bush fires
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high salt content of leaves , high content of leaves , low volatile oil content of leaves , thick bark protecting conductive tissues and dormant buds , seeds enclosed in woody capsules , dense crowns ,lowest branches out of reach of ground fires these include rainforest plants ,fruit trees ,fruit shrubs ,fruit vines ,vegetables , fleshy leafed plants and salt marsh
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precautions to protect your home
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regularly mow your lawn , remove dead branches and twigs and strips of bark from trees , plant tree at five metre from your house to stop dead leaves going in your gutter , keep trees and shrubs two metres apart to stop continuous canopy fire trial, install metal windows and doors , keep LPG cylinders away from your home , keep flammable materials such as woodpiles away from your house , ensure your garden hoses are long enough to reach the edge of your property , put a Static Water Supply on your swimming to give the fire bridge permission to use your pool in case of a fire , purchase a portable pump for your water tank or swimming pool , obey rules of total fire bans , ensure all family members know where the community evacuation area is , become a member of a Community Fire Unit , make sure that the fire hydrant outside your home is easily located and not obstructed.
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if bushfire threatens your home
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close all windows and doors , notify the fire brigade , move everyone to the room furthest from the fire front ,fill bath and bucket with water , block spaces beneath doors with towels to keep smoke out , remove coir mats and garden furniture away from the house , after fire passes go and extinguish any spot fires, beware of any dropped electrical power lines , move all family to a burnt out areas , consume plenty of water
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if trapped in our car
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pull to the side of the road in a location free from vegetation underneath , turn ignition off to isolate the electric pump , turn your headlights on , close all windows and air vents , cover occupants with a blanket to protect from radiant heat , stay low until fire passes , call 000 on mobile or CB , remain in the vehicle until fire passes and smoke clears
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if trapped in the bush
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seek shelter in your vehicle or a large body body of water , never run uphill to escape a fire , try to find an open space such as burnt area or rocky ground , clear litter away from you , seek shelter behind your haversack or fallen log ,stay low to the ground , cover up exposed skin , never attempt to run through a bushfire , call 000.
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the radioactive isotope americium -241 collide with oxygen and nitrogen atoms this causes an electrical current when smoke enters the chamber ionisation is interrupted this reduce the amount of electrical current flowing triggering the alarm
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ionised fire alarm
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nuclear >kinetic > electrical > chemical > electrical> sound
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energy transfers in smoke detector
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chemical> heat> gravitational potential > kinetic
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energy transformation in sprinkler systems
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requirements of a smoke alarm
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check year , must be placed on ceilings , one in each bedroom ,one on each floor , not near air conditioning unit or outdoors areas
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chemical > heat > electrical > sound or light
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energy transformation in a fire alarm
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protection devices
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fire extinguisher , fire blanket and sprinkler system
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requirements of an alarm
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heard by everyone , functioning correctly , an appropriate alternative ,everyone must be aware what the sound means and easily distinguishable sound
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requires of escape route
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take the safest identified route ,have multiple routes , display a map in all areas that clearly showing the evacuation routes and should be clear of any obstructions
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requirements of a meeting place
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where everyone can be placed and accounted for , away from high risk , should be assessable by everyone if not an alternate place is arranged , easily access for emergency services and should be clear on the map
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requirements of a practise drill
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has to be done regularly
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requirements of first aid
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have a trained person in first aid and carry a first aid kit and stretcher
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law enforcement , search and rescue , control and coordinate the evacuation of victims , protect life and property , control and coordinate rescue operations , manage disaster victims registration and a disaster victim enquiry system.
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roles of police
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preventing and extinguishing fires , protecting and saving life and property in case of fire , in charge of land based hazardous materials incidents and emergencies
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roles of fire brigade
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provide pre hospital care , transport the sick and injured and coordinated medical teams with equipment in case of incidents or emergencies
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roles of ambulance
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dealing with flood , coordinate the rescue , evacuation and welfare of affected communities , damage control for storms and tempest
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roles of state emergency service (SES)
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control fires outside metropolitan areas , prevent fires by doing controlled and back burns
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roles of rural fire service
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provide welfare services to victims of incidents and emergencies
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role of Australian Red Cross New South Wales
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mobilise and coordinate catering facilities
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role of The Salvation Army
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providing emergency financial assistance and establish recovery centres
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roles of Department of Community Services
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coordinate emergency accommodation for homeless victims of emergencies
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role of Seventh -Day Adventist Church
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gave out clothing ,bedding and personal requisites
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role of St Vincent de Paul Society
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