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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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1. There is a high chance of demand characteristics, why is this? |
Participants are aware that they are in an experiment; they look for cues on how to behave or behave how they think the experimenter wants them to. |
All to do with behaviour |
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1. Why is demand characteristics an issue? |
Participant's behaviour will not be natural, they may try to sabotage the experiment. |
Reduces the validity, how may participants behave? |
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1. How might have the naïve participant in Asch (1955) been subject to demand characteristics? |
He might have conformed simply because he thought the aim of the study was to get the answers wrong. |
Guessed the aims |
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2. Scientific methods lack ecological validity, why is this? |
The high level of control allows this, the artificial environment can never mirror a participant's natural environment. |
Control of the environment |
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2. Why is the lack of ecological validity a disadvantage? |
The participant's behaviour will be different in a lab than it is at home, making it difficult to generalise. |
Validity of the behaviour in an artificial environment |
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2. How did Loftus and Palmer's experiment lack ecological validity? |
The participants were shown a video of a bank robbery as opposed to witnessing a real one. |
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3. Why are scientific methods reductionist? |
They try to break down complex behaviour into smaller components, in order to aid understanding. |
Complex behaviour |
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3. Why is reductionism a disadvantage? |
Behaviour is often over-simplified and when the behaviour is operationalised, some parts may not be measured. |
Behaviour is operationalised |
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3. How did Langer and Rodin (1976) over-simplify behaviour? |
Ignored some aspects of control |
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4. Scientific methods take a nomothetic approach, what does this suggest? |
Humans are not unique and individual differences are ignored. |
What are ignored? |
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4. What's wrong with taking a nomothetic approach? |
Ignoring individual differences can greatly affect the results and makes it harder when making generalisations. |
What does ignoring individual differences do? |
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4. How was Asch(1955) limited? |
It only involved white, male participants, all from similar social backgrounds. |
Unrepresentative |
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5. What is the issue surrounding ethics when using scientific methods? |
The participants rights are barely considered. |
Participants come across harm |
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5. Why is ethics an issue? |
Because they are often distressed for no real reasons. |
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5. Why was Milgram (1963) criticised for being unethical? |
Participants suffered from psychological harm. |
3 participants had full blown seizures. |
