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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Impairment
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the actual, physical, chronological etc. difference that you have (missing a limb).. a factual or
objective difference |
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Disability
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functional difference in how a person does things (how he moves about in the world)
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Handicap
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Social disadvantage (stigma, shame, guilt, etc.)
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Linton insisted that DS was...
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- More than remedial / corrective& not just about being nicer or moregenerous
- Paradigm shift in conception ofdisability: 1)Imagines impairment & disability asdistinct, if overlapping concepts/ phenomenon 2) But that currently, there is no neutral experience ofimpairment possible b/c societal barriers/stigma areintrinsic to how it’s experienced. 3) Turns lens from person fixing to enviro’t changing |
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Issues in how disability is seen: Individualized
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1) Individualized (isolated)- only problem of the individual, you have to fix it and deal with it
2) Problematized ( vs. difference culturally constructed idea)- you are the problem... what is considered a "problem"? 3) Lacking subjectivity/ agency/ voice- being considered as a WHOLE person, treated as if the dis. is the only important thing. Also not much say in where they live, what they do, etc. 4) Objectified- stereotypes, reductivism, labels, empiricism 5) essentialist & deterministic images- your disability becomes the most important part of who you are 6) Medicalization & apathologized (conflict impairment/ disability, assigned patient role)- turned into a medical problem... you have to do something about it 7) Bias to individual intervention (vs. societal) 8) lacks epistemology of Inclusion (why do it)- inclusion counts in more than just 'hanging out', more opportunities for disabled to be involved and not forcing them to adjust |
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Individual model useful but...
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- it can make doctors determine not only the form of treatment, but the form of life (when clinical diagnoses is always privileged over
disabledperson’s choice = partial & narrow “solutions” - the issue is time spent on meds/ cure is NOT time spent on alternatives |
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Medicalization
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- idea of individuals as a unit distinct and apart from their relational ties
- legitamizes assylums/ hospitals to examine and treat those deviant bodies - engenders need for doctors |
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Lintons proposed solutions
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- separate field of DS from medical/ spec ed
- show: soceity creates many problems too & thus society has a responsibility to address them (bare some burden) - have more discussion on the social, cultural & political meanings of disability (even personal) - Theorize IMPAIRMENT, without essentializing it and saying just the negatives - try harder to imagine/ describe disability other than a medical problem - resist dominance of medical worldview |
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Individual model: Trio (3)
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Prevent, trust, cure
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Social model
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cultural, linguistic difference (choice, agency, voice, diversity not deviance/ disability)
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ADHD: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
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- learning disability thats growing the fastest
- many different conclusions and ideas about the diagnoses and causes of ADHD - NIMH: National Institute of Mental Health - "Mommy": single mom, raising her violent son alone (difficult time in schooling, difficult for mom- unable to find job etc.) |
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ADHD- Basics (No static definition)
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- neurological disorder (ND) characterized by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention
- Begins in childhood; can be chronic or not - source considerable impairment & can be disabling (without or without meds) |
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ADHD- Impacts
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- multiple areas of brain functions
- life activities (school, work, family, friends) |
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ADHD- commonality
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- Cand: 8% of school kids diagnosed
- 20% for high school boys - Meds help some symptoms but: unclear on outcomes and potentially addictive - Meds help the SYMPTOMS, but there is increasing evidence that they don't do much for underlying matter or the eventual outcomes |
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Defining Disability
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OED: 3 dimensions (lack capacity; condition of limitation/ pathology; legal)
- all reflect IM (individual 'has' disability |
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Positive Impacts of DS (mallet & Runswick pg. 10)
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1) shows need for barrier removal to create equal opportunity for participation (rights vs. charity)
2) enhances DP's self-concept 3) shift medical sociology focus from individual to external conditions |
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Issues with Social Model
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1) not enough change in DP lives
2) too critical of medication/ IM 3) lacks attention of cultural attitudes 4) need more critical diverse lenses |
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Individual Model- locate, focus, goals etc.
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- Locates: the problem in the impairment/
individual - focus: on the impairment - Goal: to fix impairment/ disability/ person - decision maker: Professionals, doctors - Conflicts: DP & professional - PRO: medical benefits at times - CONS: DP/ disability= problem; meds bias |
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Social Model- locate, focus, goals, etc.
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- Locates: the problem outside individual
- Focus: on society & environment - goals: for society/ structural change, barrier removal & accommodation. share burden - decision maker: Dp as actors with agencies, professionals (partial, not dominant) - PROS: respect of Dp's rights, interests, preferences - CONS: attitude, discrimination, lack of awareness |
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Core aim of Disability Studies field
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aims to focus efforts on environment- changing
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Mel Quevillion: guest lecture (down syndrome)
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- her families experience of Gabys birth & life
- her daughter was born with down syndrome, they chose to have her regardless, and feel the most important thing was that she was born feeling welcome |
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Tom Muth?: guest lecture (adhd)
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- has adhd
- technology helps with skills |
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Dave
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- helped to get ice rink at kings
- Gatorade! |
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Jeff Denis: guest speaker (paralympian)
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- wheelchair basketball player
- Paralympian - got polio, only affected his leg - gold medal winner - has a family |
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Jacqueline Rennebohm: 'guest speaker' (blind)
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- blind speed swimmer
- now into track in field and is on team canada - lives independently with guide dog |
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Guest Speaker (TA)- Sumer Camp
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Worked at a camp at a segregated camp for
disabled children |
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Segregation Camp
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- Social exclusion: act of preventing someone form participating in social relationships and in the construction of society
- Specialization: to concentrate on & become an expert in a particular subject of skill; providing a particular product of service - highly trained staff and service providers - shared commitment - high emphasis on environment - Power & influence of supper system (assistance & supervision) |
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Segregation- Self Concept
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explaining the connection between social
contexts, disability and social acceptance - how people make sense of themselves in relation to the world around them - perceptions are created and assumed as reality - NEG. OUTCOMES: sheltered from typical societal landscape, perceived as less capable than they view themselves, adjust to meet expectations - POS. OUTCOMES: feelings of similarity, commonality, understanding, protection from adversity |
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Segregation- Contact Hypothesis
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explains how interactions with people with differences, will influence changes in attitudes
towards one another - perceived value and worth based on the actions & reactions of others |
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Inclusion Camp
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Social Inclusion: involving people with disabilities in communities where citizenship,
empowerment, fill participation, individual & community capacity building & relationships are present - process that gradually increases the number of people included in the term 'we', 'us' and as the same time, decreases those label 'you'/ 'them', until that category has no one left |
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Inclusion- Parent professional partnerships
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parents as rich resources (know their children best); communication as a necessity (collab. of participants
- Camp Combe: people with/ without disabilities are together - staff can sometimes be a barrier (lack of awareness, understanding, etc.) , can be over protective |
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Inclusion- Staff as intermediaries
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bridge social and physical differences, model positive aptitudes and behaviours
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Inclusion: Contact Hypothesis
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more contact- better.
- minimize fear of the unknown, normalize difference (empathy & sensitivity), mutual investment must be involved and not just proximity |
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Inclusion: self concept
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explaining the connection between social contacts, disability and social acceptance
- Negative: recognition as a disability label; self derogation; obligation to fulfil expectations - Positive: celebration of uniqueness; understand individualism as asset; self growth and development |
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inclusion: Attitudinal Continuum
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How ones perception of their stigma determines their choice to engage & overall experience
1) bitter about disability 2) adapt to disability 3) embrace disability - stigma: primary social barrier, not always accurately perceived, contributes to anxiety & fear & anger |
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Overall impact of summer camp
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1) Social relations and friendships (community,
personal worth, etc.) 2) familial benefits 3) self amelioration (make better, less painful) : intellectual growth, social & emotional development |
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DS and media Representations
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the mass media can bring out a greater
understanding and perceptions - may not majorly manipulate attitudes, but it reinforces |
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Media: 'Pity/ Victim'
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Form of figure or mold for children who are seen having a disability in society that need charitable attention (people feel sorry for you)
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Media: Hero
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both positive and negative repercussions
- Positive: show achievement and inspire others - Negative: 'need to overcome impairment' |
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media: Super Crip/ Superhero
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- emphasis on disabled people overcoming
'non disabled' things and overcome a sense of normalization - 'superhuman' feat of living a normal life 'despsite' their disability - Prom King example.... student defined as deserving and honourable because society thought he should win because his disability |
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Digital Storytelling
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Pictures and voice recordings
- allows everyday people to share aspects of their life story. - our representations do not reflect our own experiences" |
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ADHD- what we know so far
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- struggle to define
- 2/3 of US labeled kids & 50% of Canadian on meds - much off-label use for studying - That lack of alternative resources is the culprit (SM) |
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ADHD- What Were learning
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UScentre for disease control & prevention: debilitating mental disorderimpacting 5-10% of total population
- Mainly:middle-class boys; - butrising in minorities & girls |
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ADHD: Meds usage
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- meds can be addictive
- meds and without: same level of education, not a correlation - to what extent does out increase in technology do, lack of movement lead to this? - varies across countries, cultures & religions: suggests 'cultural' vs. biological influences are strong - High degree of variation across cultures with diagnoses rates, and medication rated (6% of kids- California, more in North Carolina- 50%m more likely to be medicated in North Carolina |
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Factors impacting diagnosis of ADHD
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- comorbidity: ADHD can also experience anxiety, depression, bi-polar
- Sex (girls manifest differently) - barriers to good care - sleep deprivation create hyperactivity & impulsivity - Age: half of kids diagnosed prior to age 6 |
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ADHD- Medication & Concerns
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- legitimate concern (addiction, overuse)
- misinformation concerns - ideally combined with other efforts (behavioural, class accommodation, special education services) |
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ADHD: Meds & Potential Side Effects
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- many people take no drugs for it
- some benefit from meds/ some don't - some respond to one drug, but not another Side effects: - weight gain/ loss - tics & anxiety - suicidal thoughts - drug abuse/ misuse - addiction |
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ADHD Alternative tools
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(social model modifications)
- reduce stimuli and info overload - regular breaks to raise attention - multiple channels for attentions - physical activity - routines - discourage stigma/ pathologizing |
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Neo-Eugenics
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- most people wouldn't wish for their child to be born with some kind of a disability... but when they are, can you overcome those things?
- 60-94% have abortion because of mental (learning) disability - INDIV: fetus is problem, detect/ treat/ prevent, moral and philosophical questions, 'grey zone' -SOC: society disables people so it should change ( standard of normalcy, perfection), what is a good life, what role of suffering'? |
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Eugenics
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- Eugenics: the science of the well born
- science of improving stock (Pos: promote + breeders, Neg: abortion/ sterilization- tying tubes) - eugenics was decided by the state, NOT individual parents |
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Perfect Babies
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-social, biological and economic goals
- widespread; professional class and university - fit with ideals of scientific rationality - fit nationalist spirit |
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Down Syndrome: a new sort of Eugenics?
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- DS diagnosis prenatally= 30-90% terminated
- medical bias (avoid 'hardship'/ suffering for all - declining disability births... a society free of disability |
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Jones: Perfect Baby
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- science= a window of selective abortion
- shift: disability- selective abortion is about 'fetus quality' not rights - notion: 'preventing suffering' - Implicit: cultural beliefs on the 'good life' - virtually no legislation -Canada: no tracking - technology ahead of moral debate |
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Prenatal testing: who should inhabit the world?
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- eugenics: 'forced termination' determined by state though selection and eradication
- neo eugenics: woman/ parents 'choice to terminate' post diagnoses - power: judgement by medical professionals - in background: disability organizations & parents |
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What is a (philosophical) person?
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1) consciousness and the capability to feel pain
2) reasoning 3) self motivated activity 4) the capacity to communicate 5) presence of self awareness |
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Genetic testing
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- moral claim of fetus
Tool: prenatal testing - preconception gen/ chrome/ her parental tests - prenatal tests: (ultrasound, Amnio, CVS) - Pre Implantation genetic diagnose (PGD) of IVF embryos |
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problems with selective abortion
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- right to abort influenced by judging lives
- prenatal testing constricts choices - doctors practice it, but the negative view of 'life with a disability' is widespread |
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Ted Talk- Mental Health
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- REAL depression- being sad even though everything in your life is going right
- because we don't see it constantly, we don't see the severity - every 30 seconds, someone, somewhere, takes their life |
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Guest Lecture: TA (mental health & post
secondary education) |
- theres a lot about depression that still remains a mystery- "the capacities of each and all of us to feel, think and act in ways that enhance our ability to enjoy life and deal with the challenges we face. It is a positive sense of motion and spiritual well-being that respects the important of culture, equity, social justice, interconnections and
personal dignity. |
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Major Depressive Disorder
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characterized by a fairly lengthy period of time (at least 2 weeks), during which a person feels sad or hopeless or lacks focus in life, on a daily or almost daily basis, for the most part of each day. This condition is associated with many
other symptoms, which can have repercussions emotionally, socially, professionally and in other significant areas of life. |
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Generalized Anxiety Disorder
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is a chronic disorder characterized by excessive, long lasting anxiety and worry about nonspecific life events, objects and situations. Their fear is usually unrealistic or out of proportion with what may be expected in their situation. Sufferers
expect failure and disaster to the point that it interferes with daily functions like work, school, social activities and relationships |
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Treatment according to the individual (mental health)
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- medication (more immediate responce... week: anxiety, 6 weeks: depression) side effects are
extremely common - talk therapy (most effective: cognitive behavioural therapy) - lifestyle changes (forced social interactions, forced out of the house) |
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Social Model and Coping with depression and anxiety
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- accept difference
- mental health days at work and school - changes to the structure of the institution - most people living with serious mental illness want to work - symptoms of the health problems can make it difficult to work - would rather not work than explain to their boss about why they can't |
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The current crisis on campus (mental health)
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- Studies show that the prevalence of depression among students is growing and that it eclipses the rate of the general public
- Thousands of students with depression go undiagnosed and untreated at time when they face some of life’s most important junctures. - After motor vehicle accidents, suicide is theleading cause of death in Canadians ages 10 to 24 - Financial problems and relationships impactanxiety & depression - 29% who were symptom free, developed itthroughout school. -Relationships with others and joining on campusservices helped them - teenagers and young adults are most at risk |
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2011 survey of 1,6000 university of Alberta
Students (mental health) |
- 51% reported “feeling things were hopeless”within the past 12 months
- Over half felt” overwhelming anxiety” - 7% admitted to “seriously consider suicide” |
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The Jack Project
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- In March 2010, first-year Queens student JackWindeler died by suicide
- Following jacks death, His father Eric Windelerand his family made a decision: to be open about what happened and to encourage others to seek help - Partnering with Kids Help Phone to launch the Jack Project, and now branching out on its own, headed by Jacks father,Jack.org is the only national network of young leaders transforming the way wethink about mental health |
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Kevin Breel Quote - Mental health
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“We live in a world, where if you break yourarm, everyone runs over to sign your cast. But, if you’re depression, peoplerun the other way”
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FOG (exaggerates reality and truth)
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- Dark cloud of depression
- How ones thinking is impaired 1) Exaggerates, often significantly any negativeevent in ones life 2) thereperception is that they’re often not in a fog, but that they’re seeing thetruth and more clear than they or you’ve seen it before (YOURE the one in thefog) |
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Depression 'Triggers'
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- Misconception that triggers are always presentfor depression
- Makes people think that angency is more important than it is… people look for the triggers and try to help you getbetter from them - Many people can find something to get out offog-thinking (running, drawing, etc.)… the treatments can vary widely |
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Agency- Mental Health
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- You can be an agent in your life (act, change,etc.)
- Feel a grea deficiet of agency and the abilityto control their life |
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Sick Role (Mental Health)
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- Concept that recognizes something with doautomatically… when someone is sick, people are willing to resolve them oftheir dutites for a
certain period of time. BUT you have to demonstrate thatyoure trying to get ready. - Example: willing to let then not to the dishes as long as you see them trying to get better - You want to care for people but also want control - With depression, its not clear about what ittakes for someone to get better… everyone has their own thing |
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Overcoming Narrative- Mental Health
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- We want people to get better and recover fromtheir injuries, cancer, etc. Be able to bounce back and become healthy
- Shadow Side: What if you cant? People don’t recover fully from things - Depression cant always be cured once and forall… they often have to learn to live with it - Society doesn’t know how to deal with this rise and fall |
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Support & Pressure- Depression
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- Often support youre giving, can come across aspressure
- You can always try to save someone |
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Depression & health care
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- Depression is covered under our Health Care- Depression is an ILNESS, not a weakness- The effects from it negatively impact a personsfunctioning
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2 Opposing Trends: Framework- Neo Eugenics
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- growing disability rights policy/ laws
- growing rate of disability-selective abortion and related research & screening... implicit cultural beliefs: good life |
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Media: Villain
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(Captain Hook, hunchback of Notre Dame,
Beauty & the beast) |
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Issues regarding Paralympics
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1) not all disabilities are regarded equally.wheelchair events are an accepted part but athletes with learning disabilities find it more difficult to gain acceptance/ compete2) Olympics overshadow the Paralympics and poses the dilemma of how far the process of integration should proceed
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The 'Ag Shame' syndrome
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- tendency for disabled people to be perceived as pitiful.
- stereotype that disability is always pathetic & dependant. - very "innocent and very deserving of ones sympathy - 'poor and in constant need of care' |
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"Disability and the body"
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- the body as split from the mind and the body as the location of the 'disease' of disability
- the tendency in the medical modal approach to regard people with disabilities in terms of their bodies alone |
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"Disability as Homogenous"
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- disability is commonly understood (and
portrayed as homogenous. - whole spectrum often signified by the wheelchair user. - perception that physical disability automatically implies intellectual disability - stereotype that disabled people cannot speak for themselves. (resist directly addressing them) |
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ADHD symptom categories
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1) Hyperactivity (fidgeting, exploring
inappropriately) 2) impulsivity (speak without thinking, interrupts) 3) inattention (easily distracted, careless mistakes, loses things) |
