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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What embryologic layer is the urinary system derived from?
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Intermediate mesoderm
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What came first, the urinary or gonadal systems?
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Urinary development is established first.
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Generally, in what direction does development occur?
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Cranial to caudal
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Name the 3 "attempts" of the urinary system, in order.
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Pronephros
Mesonephros Metanephros |
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Tell me everything you know about Pronephros
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Formed and degenerated in the 4th week.
In cervical region Segmented Runs phronephric duct all the way down to the cloaca Never functional |
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Mesonephros: where and when does it develop?
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Starts late week 4
In thoracic-lumbar region |
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Where does the mesonephric duct come from?
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Jacked (stolen) from the pronephric duct, just renamed mesonephric duct
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Is mesonephros functional ever?
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yup
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When does mesonephros degenerate?
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end of month 2
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Does all of mesonephros degenerate?
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Female: yes
Male: keeps the mesonephric duct (will become vas deferens) |
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When does metanephros form first?
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week 5
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When does metanephros become functional?
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Week 9
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What are 2 new parts to metanephros?
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1) Metanephric diverticulum (uteric bud)
2) Metanephric tissue cap |
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What does metanephric diverticulum do when comes into contact with metanephric tissue cap?
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Starts branching like mad into renal pelvis, calyces, collecting duct. (Eventually ureter too)
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What does metanephric tissue cap do when comes into contact with metanephric diverticulum?
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Starts forming nephrons. Invades capillaries to form glomeruli. By week 9 ready to filter.
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What's renal agenesis?
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Failure of contact of metanephric diverticulum and metanephric tissue cap -> degenerate "kidney".
Unilateral = asymptomatic Bilat = lethal |
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How does kidneys' general position in body change?
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Grows up from pelvis to hilum at L1 by differentail growth. New arteries continue to form as ascend, inf. ones degrade.
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How does suprarenal glands' general position in body change?
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They don't. They were waiting up at L1 for the kidney the whole time.
(I'll stand by you, won't let nobody hurt you, I'll stand by you.) |
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What does splitting of ureteric bud do?
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2 ureteres, 1 kidney
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What is an ectopic ureter?
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Ureter drain to vag, vestibule, urethra
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What is a pelvic kidney?
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Failure to rise
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What is a horseshoe kidney?
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Inferior poles of kidney contacted, fused, got stuck around the IMA
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What is a fused kidney?
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Fused, rose to one side.
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What is an autosomal recessive polycystic kidney all about?
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Cysts form coming from collecting ducts. Renal failure in childhood.
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What is an autosomal dominant polycystic kidney all about?
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Cysts from all segments of the nephron. Renal failure as an adult. If unilateral = asymptomatic.
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How do you get accessory renal arteries?
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Failure of inferior artery to degenerate
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What divides the cloaca?
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Urorectal septa. Divides into rectum and urogenital sinus.
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What are the parts of the urogenital sinus?
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Vesicular portion- connects to allantois
Pelvic portion- gives rise to part of urethra Phallic portion- grows to genital tubercle |
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What develops into the bladder?
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Vesicular portion of UG sinus. Lined by epithelium from gut ENDOderm. Muscles (detrusor) and ct from MESOderm.
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What makes up the trigone?
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Incorporation of mesonephric duct into bladder. Strands ureters. Epithelium of bladder grows over it.
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When does the trigone form?
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Weeks 5-12
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What is important about bladder position and medical procedures?
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In kids and bladders that are full, the bladder is suprapubic. Don't stick it with a needle. It's a bad idea.
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Wheeere does the urethra come from?
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Epithelium from gut ENDOderm. Muscles and ct from MESOderm.
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Where is the prostate from and how does it grow??
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It is an outgrowth of ENDOderm of proximal urethra. Mesenchyme invades it to make the stroma and smooth muscles.
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What do the ejaculatory ducts and seminal vessicles form from?
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Ejaculatory ducts are the mesonephric ducts that are pulled into the prostate. The seminal vessicles are also an outgrowth of the mesonephric duct.
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Where do skene's glands come from?
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Outgrowth of proximal urethra in females. Mucous producing.
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What is an urachal fistula?
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Patent opening into umbilicus. Party trick where you can pee out your belly button.
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What is an uracal cyst?
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Stranded cyst from allantosis not degenerating all the way. Fluid filled.
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What is an exstrophy of the bladder?
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Failure of anterior abdominal wall to close in the bladder. Usually in males also dorsal opening of the peep.
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When do gonads first begin to develop?
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Weeks 5-6 on mesonephros anterior surface.
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What are the gonads derived from?
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Mesothelium, mesenchyme, primordial germ cells.
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Where do the gonadal cords come from?
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Epithelium invaginations
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Where do rete testis come from?
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gonadal cords -> elongates -> seminiferious cords -> seminiferous cords near hilum -> rete testis (solid)
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Where do sertoli cells come from?
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surface epithelium
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Is tunica albuginea diagnostic for males?
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Not it's presence, it's all about the thickness. (Thick = male, thin = female)
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Where do the interstial cells of Leydig come from?
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Mesenchyme
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What does the rete testis join?
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1) Mesonephric duct (ductus deferens)
2) at puberty - canalized semifierous cords |
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Where do the primordial follicles come from?
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The cortical cords uptaking the primordial germ cells.
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What happens to the gonadal cords in females?
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They form irregular clusters with germ cells inside because there is no TDF.
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What does mullerian inhibiting substance do and where does it come from?
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Produced by sertoli cells in males, causes degeneration of paramesonephric duct.
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What does the mesonephric duct become in its entirety?
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Efferent ductules, epididymis, ductus deferns, ejaculatory ducts, seminal vessicles
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What happens to the paramesonephric duct in females?
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Fuse inferiorly, become urovaginal primordium -> become uterus, proximal vagina
unfused = uterine tubes |
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Where does paramesonephric duct come from?
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Anterolateral to gonads
Derived from mesonephros Funnel like opening, cranially |
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What happens when the uterovaginal primordium contacts the urogenital septum?
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Induces sinovaginal bulb to form
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What does the sinovaginal bulb become?
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Vagina not made by the urovaginal primordium
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What does the urogenital septum become in females?
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The hymen
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What is vagina derived from?
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Mesoderm (internally) and ENDOderm (near external surface)
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What are ventral openings on the peen called?
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Hypospadias; urethral folds did not fuse
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What are dorsal openings on the peen called?
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Epispadis; typically also have exstrophy of bladder as well
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Why would you get a micropenis?
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Lack of androgen :(
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Where does the penis come from?
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genital tubercle elongates -> phallus -> penis
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What happens to the urethral folds in the male?
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Close to form spongy urethra
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Where does the prepuce come from?
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Only thing in this whole section that comes from ECTOderm
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What happens to the genital swellings in males?
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Form scrotum and fuse at scrotal raphae
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What is cervical atresia?
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MESOderm too small
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What is vaginal atresia?
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ENDOderm too small
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What happens to the genital tubercle in females?
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Elongates slightly into clitoris
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When can you tell the sex of a baby?
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After 4th month based on external genitalia
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Where do labia minora come from?
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Urethral folds
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Where do labia majora come from?
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Genital swellings
Fuse posterior= labial commisure Fuse anterior = mons pubis |
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Where does the vestibule come from?
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Urogenital groove (closed off by urethral folds in males)
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