Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Left (Animal and Human) |
Individual's left ex. the spleen is located to the left of the cows abdomen |
|
|
right (animal and human) |
Individual's right ex. the duodenum, the first short portion of the small intestine, exits the stomach on the right side of the dogs abdomen |
|
|
Cranial (Animal) , Superior (Human) |
Towards the head (cranium) end of the body Cranilal loses its meaning on the head because the cranium is part of the head ex. a horses shoulders are located cranial to it's hip |
|
|
Rostral (animal), Nasal (Human) |
toward the tip of the nose (head only) ex. an animals eyes are located rostral to its ears |
|
|
Caudal (animal), Inferior (human) |
Towards the tail (cauda) end of the body ex. The caudal end of the sternum (breastbone) is called the xiphoid process |
|
|
Dorsal (Animal), Posterior (human) |
towards the back ex. when one prepares to ride a horse, the saddle is placed on the animals dorsal surface, and the cinch goes around the horses ventral surface. |
|
|
Ventral (Animal), Anterior (human |
towards the belly ex. when one prepares to ride a horse, the saddle is placed on the animals dorsal surface, and the cinch goes around the horses ventral surface. |
|
|
Medial (animal and human) |
towards the median plane (towards the center line of the body) ex. The medial surface of an animal's leg is the one closest to its body |
|
|
Lateral (animal and human) |
away from the median plane ex. the lateral surface of the leg is the outer surface |
|
|
Deep, internal (animal and human) |
Towards the center (whole body or part) ex. The deep digital flexor muscle is located closer to the center of the leg than the superficial digital flexor muscle, which is located nearer to the surface of the leg |
|
|
Superficial, external (animal and human) |
Towards the surface (whole body or part) ex. The deep digital flexor muscle is located closer to the center of the leg than the superficial digital flexor muscle, which is located nearer to the surface of the leg |
|
|
Proximal (animal and human) |
towards the body (extremity) ex. the proximal end of the tail attaches it to the body |
|
|
distal (animal and human) |
away from the body (extremity) ex. the toes are located on the distal end of the leg |
|
|
Palmar (animal and human) |
"back" of forelimb from carpus (wrist) distally The back surface of the front leg from the carpus distally is called the palmar surface and proximal to the carpus is is the caudal surface |
|
|
Plantar (animal and human) |
"back" of hindlimb from tarsus (ankle) distally the back of the hind leg from the tarsus distally is called the plantar surface and proximal to the tarsus it is called the caudal surface |
|
|
Dorsal (animal), Anterior (human) |
the "front" surface of the forelimb and hindlimb is termed doral from the carpus and tarsus distally and cranial proximal to them |
