Dinosaurs

Front 1

Permineralization

Back 1

A common form of preservation, here voids
within the structure of the material (e.g.,
bone) are filled with a mineral, usually silica)

Front 2

Molds and Casts

Back 2

Body casts preserve the outline of the organism.
Internal molds and casts show the internal shape
of vacuities in the body.

Front 3

Carbonization

Back 3

Devolitalization of organic material leaves a film
of carbon. Often associated with plant material
(Coal beds are a very large-scale version of
this…).

Front 4

Unaltered Remains

Back 4

Very unusual, but not unheard of. Unaltered biological material, can be caused by permafrost, amber, and tar pits

Front 5

Body fossils

Back 5

remains that preserve, in whatever
way or to whatever degree, some of the “body” of
an ancient (>10 ka) organism

Front 6

Trace fossils

Back 6

remains that preserve some “trace”
or “mark” produced by an organism during its life,
on an inert or an organic substrate

Front 7

Two main points of Evolution

Back 7

1.all life descends from one common ancestor (tree of life)
2.evolution shpaed by Natural Selection

Front 8

Darwins evidence for Evolution

Back 8

-body parts
-vestigial organs
-fossils
-imperfections

Front 9

3 types of rocks

Back 9

-igneous
-metamorphic
-sedimentary

Front 10

Igneous

Back 10

-derived from mantle
-rocks solidify from molten (magmatic) state from within earth
-primary source material forming earth’s surface
-bad for fossils

Front 11

Metamorphic

Back 11

-rocks transformed
by heat and pressure
-modified igneous & sedimentary rocks (‘protoliths’)

Front 12

Sedimentary

Back 12

-erosional byproducts
of other rocks
-layered rocks formed by erosion (chemical or mechanical) of other
rocks
-sedimentary rocks preserve fossils

Front 13

5 principles of Relative Dating

Back 13

1. Superposition
2. Original Horizontality
3. Lateral Continuity
4. Faunal Succession
5. Cross-Cutting Relationships

Front 14

Age of Earth

Back 14

4,550,000,000 years old

Front 15

MESOZOIC ERA

Back 15

• lasted 185 million years (250–65 mya)
• includes Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous Periods
• ‘Age of Reptiles’ - large reptiles predominant

Front 16

Dinosauria

Back 16

-coined by Sir Richard Owen (1842)
-means "fearfully great reptile"

Front 17

Ornithischia

Back 17

-THYREOPHORA
-ORNITHOPODA
-MARGINOCEPHALIA
-pubis points backwards

Front 18

THYREOPHORA

Back 18

‘shield bearers’
stegosaurs & ankylosaurs

Front 19

ORNITHOPODA

Back 19

‘bird foot’
duckbills, Iguanodon

Front 20

MARGINOCEPHALIA

Back 20

‘margin-heads’
pachycephalosaurs & ceratopsians

Front 21

SAURISCHIA

Back 21

-PROSAUROPODA
-SAUROPODA
-THEROPODA
-pubis points forwards

Front 22

PROSAUROPODA

Back 22

‘before sauropods’
medium-sized herbivores

Front 23

SAUROPODA

Back 23

’lizard foot’
gigantic, long-necked herbivores

Front 24

THEROPODA

Back 24

‘beast foot’
small and large carnivores, occasional
herbivores & birds