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23 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What factors are responsible for the dynamic climates that characterize the earth system?
Imbalances in the distribution of energy that cause the movement of air masses and ocean currents.
What is an air mass?
A parcel of air that has uniform characteristics in temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.
Cyclionic air masses are found in what regions with what characeristics?
Warm, low pressure, equatiorial and low latitude regions
Anticyclonic air masses are found in what regions with what characeristics?
Cool, high pressure, polar and subtropical regions.
Types of air masses according to the classification system (5)
1. Equatorial (warm, humid)
2. Tropical (warm)
3. Polar (cold)
4. Maritime (generally very humid)
5. Continental (generally very dry)
Movements of warm and cold air masses...
warm fronts, cold fronts
What are some climate elements (6)?
1. Temperature
2. Pressure
3. Humidity
4. Precipitation
5. Wind
6. Solar Radiation
What are some climate factors (8)?
1. Latitude
2. Longitude
3. Altitude
4. Continentality/maritimidade
5. Air masses
6. Maritime currents
7. Vegetation
8. Relief/topography
5
How should climate be described? How should it not be describes?
Climate should not be described according to arithmetic averages in climate elements (temp, humidity, etc). Such averages could be very similar between two areas that, in reality, are characterized by two very different climates. Climate should be described according to the daily and annual variations in climatic elements. These variations are what characterize climate.
Describe the classification of climate according to Strahler:
Based on the general atmospheric dynamics that are characteristic of a particular area and that are controlled by AIR MASSES.
Describe the classification of climate accorfing to Koppen
Climatic elements cahracteristic of particular areas are considered seperately and studied during seasons of the year.
Name the climatic units of Brazil (6)...
1. Equatorial
2. Tropical
3. Semi-Arid
4. Tropical de Altitude
5. Tropical Atlantic
6. Subtropical
Describe the averages in temperature of Brazil...
In the equatorial/amazonia region averages are >25 C, in the tropical regions, averages are between 20 C and 25 C, and in the south averages are less than 20 C
What are some factors that influence Brazil's climate (6)...
1. Continental dimensions
2. Extensions of coastal areas
3. Conditions of topography
4. Air masses
5. Vegetation
6. Latitude
What are the climatic conditions characteristic of Brazil's Northern Region?
- Climate is equatorial and humid
- Mostly comprised of the amazon forest
- Low in altitude
- Low range of temperatures
- High atmospheric humidity
- Influenced by forest vegetation
What are the pluvial characteristics of the North region?
- Rainfall averages 230 mm/yr
- Spatial homogeneity
- Long rainy period
- High rates/amounts of evapotranspiration
What are the climatic conditions characteristic of Brazil's Northeast Region?
- High temperatures
- Coastal areas and areas situated above 200 m have temperatures varying between 24 C and 26 C on average.
- Averages below 20 C may be found in elevated areas such as the Chapada Diamantina.
- Climates found in this region:
Tropical, Tropical Semi-Arid, Humid Coastal, and Equatorial.
- Coastal climates are influences by warm ocean currents (Brasil and Guianas)
- High surface albedo
What are the pluvial characteristics of the Northeast region?
- Very complex distribution of precipitation
- Period of occurence lasts three months, although may be nonexistent in some areas.
- Total rainfall varies between 400 - 2000 mm
- Coastal P > 1600 mm
- Interior P < 400 mm
- Maximum P occurs in Fall-Winter and minimum occurs in Spring-Summer.
What are the four geographic zones (sub-regions) of the northeast?
1. Meio Norte
2. Sertao
3. Agreste
4. Zona da Mata
What are the climatic conditions characteristic of Brazil's Southern Region?
1. Made up of Parana, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul
2. Sub-tropical climate
3. 22 degrees - 51 degrees S
4. Areas of high elevation within the south have climates similar to Tropical de Altitude
What are the characteristics of the Subtropical climate in Brazil?
- Dominated by the tropical atlantic air mass
- Also subject to influence by the polar atlantic air mass during the winter
- High range of temperatures throughout the year
- Varying rain distributions throughout the year.
What are the climatic conditions characteristic of Brazil's Central-West Region?
- the climate varies little throughout the year
- Climate is mostly influenced by altitude
- There is a large temperature range... considering the minimum and maximum, temps range from 5 C to 41 C
- The climate is tropical in general
- Dry winters, wet summers
- High altitude in some areas (Brasilia) causes low humidity
What are the climatic conditions characteristic of Brazil's Southeastern Region?
- Região do Brasil with the highest climatic variability.
- Consists of the tropical de altitude climate in the interior and the tropical oceânico on the coast.
- The north of Minas Gerais has a semi arid climate
- In the more elevated areas such as the planalto atlântico,the climate is tropical de altitude,and is characterized by lower temperatures than other areas.
- The average annual temperature is between 20°C between São Paulo e Paraná, and 24°C in the north of Minas Gerais
- O clima dessa região é bastante diversificado no que diz respeito à temperatura, em função de três fatores principais: a posição latitudinal, a topografia acidentada e a influência dos sistemas de circulação perturbada.