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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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propagation |
increasing numbers of things, or where sound particles "bunch up" |
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compression |
area of increased air density |
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rarefaction |
area of decreased air density |
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waveform graph |
graph that shows air pressure change of time |
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speaker cone |
physical thing that vibrates and oscillates with a waveform |
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period |
seconds per cycle |
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frequency |
measured in Hertz |
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Hertz |
unit of measure for frequency |
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physical sound |
sound as it relates to physics (frequency, amplitude, waveform, etc.) |
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perceptual sound |
relating to human perception (pitch, loudness, timbre, articulation) |
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decibel |
measurement of loudness |
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0 dB |
threshold of hearing |
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120 dB |
threshold of pain |
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compression wave |
media disturbance in same direction as wave propagation |
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transverse wave |
media disturbance in the opposite direction as wave propagation |
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resonance |
tendency to oscillate at the higher amplitude at some frequencies over others |
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timbre |
periodic waveforms (sound color), based off the amplitudes (and material) of the instrument used; sound quality |
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Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier |
french physicist; all complex tones can be broken into simple tones |
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periodic |
basic waveform that repeats itself |
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a-periodic |
no clear waveform pattern, AKA noise (confuses the ear) |
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tympani |
eardrum; cone shaped, vibrates with sound` |
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middle ear |
connects throat and nose with Eustachian tube |
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three ossicles |
malleus, incus (anvil), stapes (stirrups) |
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malleus |
hammer; inner eardrum with lever like behavior, passes noise on to the anvil |
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incus (anvil) |
middle bone, tiny bone that sends vibrations to the stirrup |
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stapes (stirrup) |
tiny U shaped bone that passes vibrations to the cochlea (smallest bone in human body) |
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cochlea |
spiral shaped, fluid filled ear structure; filled with cilia that move when vibrated to call nerve impulses |
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basilar membrane |
in cochlea, produce nerve impulses via the auditory nerve; location on membrane determines pitch |
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fat end of cochlea |
detects high frequencies |
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temporary threshold shift |
dulling of sound from overworking |
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tinnitus |
permanent hearing loss from high exposure |
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fundamental |
frequency perceived as the pitch (in most instruments) |
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partials |
all component pairs of the sound (the fundamental is the 1st) |
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harmonic series |
contains fundamental pitch and all the pitches above it; how we find intonation |
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intonation |
the natural frequencies above the fundamental |
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2nd partial |
fundamental x 2 |
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triangle wave |
periodic containing odd numbered partials, amplitude diminishes in proportion to the square of the harmonic number (1/5=1/25) |
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sawtooth wave |
periodic with all harmonics that roll off in in proportion 11=1/11; looks like a tilted triangle wave |
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pulse wave |
2 states: on/off; duty cycle; 1:2 ratio, means on for 1 off for two. Second harmonics are always missing |
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square wave |
50% of time at a positive and 50% of time at a negative. contains odd harmonics 7=1/7 |
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white noise |
a periodic sound, all frequencies at the same power |
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pink noise |
sort of filter the lowers noise 3 dB per octave |
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brown noise |
lowers noise 6dB per octave |
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spectrogram |
type of imaging for any sort of spectrum (2 screens, one black, one colored) |
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inharmonic spectrum |
sounds with no overtone series |
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DAW |
digital audio workstation |
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automation |
a method of programming adjustments of certain parameters on an audio track or region so changes are read in time |
