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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If you take a ProTools mix and bounce it to tape is it going to sound the same? |
No! The EQ curve changes, the audio is compressed, and you get tape hiss. If you actually mix to tape, you will be mixing to help counter these things, and it will sound good. |
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What digital file type is the standard for the audio industry? |
Broadcast wave or .bwav |
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What is the difference between a .bwav and a .wav file? |
.bwav can store metadata. |
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Explain signal flow for the board in studio D (it's just like any other basic signal flow). |
Computer (DAW) -> MADI cable -> Input on the S5 Fusion -> Channel Strip -> Control -> Bus -> Mix -> Mix Section Output -> Analog cable -> Monitors (1031's). |
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What is the professional standard for recording? |
24 bit at 96 kHz |
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What is the standard for recording to CD? |
16 bit at 44.1 kHz |
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What is sample rate? |
How many times a snapshot of the sound is taken, which is controlled by frequency. |
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What is a Nyquist filter? |
A low-pass filter that removes aliasing frequencies, keeping them from bouncing back and canceling or summing. |
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How is a Nyquist filter related to the sample rate? What is the highest frequency a 96 kHz sampling rate can capture? |
Nyquist filter is 1/2 the sample rate. 96 kHz captures 48 kHz. |
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What is bit depth? |
Bit depth is how accurate the amplitude is of the sample taken. You get 6 dB per bit (about), and at 16 bits, you get 96 dB of dynamic range. |
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What is a master clock? |
It's the main clock that controls every single clock in all the different pieces of gear. It keeps everything in sync! |
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What is Jitter? |
A jumpy-clicky sound that is caused by badly-aligned digital clocks. |
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What is clock drift? |
When nothing is lining up together caused by badly-synced clocks. |
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What is the master clock in studio D? |
The s5 Fusion. |
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Is word clock the only way to sync digital audio? Is there any other ways? |
No, you can sync digital audio through audio data cables, like AES, MADI, and DANTE. |
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What is a lossless file type? What is a lossy file type? |
Lossless: .bwav, .wav, .FLAC, .aiff
Lossy: .mp3, .mp4, .acc, .wma, .jacc |
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How is an .mp3 created? |
An .mp3 is created by chopping the song into about 30 frames and fills those frames with samples and compares them based on psychoacoustic modelling. What is thrown out is based on the data rate you select. Then after the initial compression, a Huffman encoder is added.
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What is data rate? |
Data rate is how much data you can send at one time. A 325 data rate throws away less files than 128 data rate (kbps). |
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What technically is a .zip file? |
A Huffman encoder. Once it's unzipped, the "lost" parts of the file are not retrieved but filled with noise. |
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What is the difference between floating point and fixed point? |
A floating point system is more precise than a fixed point, which gives you less dynamic range than a floating point. |
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What is the type of digital sampling that we use? Direct stream or pulse code modulating? |
We work in PCM. |
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Kbps vs MB? |
A thousand and a million. |
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A 320 kBps file is it the same as a 500 mB file? |
Yes. 500mB file is the size of the full file, and the 320 kbps is the data rate. |
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When you are recording in digital audio, where should your peaks lie in the tracking? |
Between -6 and -3 dB. It gives you a little room and prevents distortion from inter-sample modulation. |
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What is Dither? |
Dither is noise that's added to the audio during the quantization coding and replaces the quantization noise. |
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What is a computer and who created the first one? |
Babbage created the first computer for the census counting. Input, output, processing, and storage. |
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What is the difference between "HD" radio streaming and an FM radio stream? |
A "HD" FM radio station can send 96kbps digital stream. The FM radio can split the 96kbps into three sub-streams, each being 32kpbs. |
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How far can "HD" AM radio go? |
"HD" AM radio can go up to 8kbps (which is huge for AM). |
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How should master clocks be connected to all the gear? |
In parallel, meaning everything is separately connected to the computer. |
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What is the difference between a computer bit and an audio bit? |
Audio bit is the word length for samples, bit depth representing amplitude -- Helps with least significant bits.
Computer bit is computer construction code |
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What is a VCA? |
A voltage controlled amplifier which controls a mass amount of faders, but no audio is controlled or added.
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What is a group? |
A group takes actual audio together to create a bus. The group doesn't control the faders of the other faders inside the group. It just now controls the whole group as a separate channel. |
