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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tube from mouth to anus
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GI tract
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GI tract is lined by
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simple nonciliated columnar cells
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Stratified squamous lines what structures of the GI tract
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mouth, esophagus, anus
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Wrinkle
the lining of GI tract |
muscularis mucosae
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Thicker areolar connective tiss. that binds mucosa to muscularis
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Submucosa
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Has three muscularis layers
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stomach
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2 muscularis layers that other structures of GI tract have
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circular & longitudinal
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Serosa
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visceral peritoneum wraps organ
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Blood vessels are in
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lamina propria
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Extension of peritoneum that holds organ to body wall
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mesentery
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Large intestine mesentery
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mesocolon
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Site of chemical & mechanical ingestion
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Mouth
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Chewing
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example of mechanical ingestion
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Saliva
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example of chemical ingestion
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3 salivary glands
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parotid, sublingual, submandibular
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consists mostly of serous acini & few mucous acini
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submandibular gland
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consists of serous acini only
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parotid gland
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consists of mostly mucous acini & few serous acini
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sublingual gland
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teeth used for pinching
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incisors
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teeth used for killing & tearing
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canines
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teeth used for grinding and crushing
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molars
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Teeth are made mostly of
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dentin & enamel
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These hold teeth in place
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Cementum & periodontal ligament
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route for food
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oropharynx to laryngopharynx to esophagus
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2 spinchters in esophagus
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upper esophageal valve & lower esophageal valve
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pyloric antrum + pyloric canal
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Pylorus
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Allows stomach to expand & increase surface area
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rugae of mucosa
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4 gastric cells
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chief cells=pepsinogen, parietal cells=hydrochloric acid, mucous cells, G cells
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Hydrochloric acid
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denatures proteins & signal for pepsinogen to go to pepsin
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See food and stomach action begins
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Cephalic phase
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Neural & hormonal
control stretch receptors in stomach |
Gastric phase
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GIP
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gastro inhibitory peptide
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info from receptors routed to the medulla > to the stomach> inhibits stomach secretion
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neurocompotent
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Major site for digestion & absorption
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Small Intestine
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material exiting stomach through pyloric spinchter
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Chyme
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job is to emulsify lipids
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Bile
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contains large number of enzymes
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pancreatic juice
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manufactures bile and gall
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liver
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stores and releases excess bile
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bladder
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protein digesting enzymes
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trypsin
chymotrypsin carboxypeptidase elastase aminopeptidase dipeptidase |
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carbohydrate digesting enzymes
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mallase
sucrase lactase |
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nucleic acid digesting enzymes
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nucleosidase
phosphatase |
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bile salt forms a sphere around
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monoglycerides and long chain fatty acids
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micelle
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reassemble mono into triglyceride, combine with cholesterol, & give protein coat
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also adds surface area
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haustia
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afferent arteriole
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has juxtaglomerular cell
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juxtaglomerular cells + macula densa
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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efferent arteriole
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takes blood away
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stuff goes through capillaries into bowmans capsule
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filtration
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cells are stopped here
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pores
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proteins are stopped here
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basal lamina
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stop rest of subs at
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slit membrane
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distal convoluted tubule
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interculated & principle cells
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receptors for aldosterone & ADH
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principle cells
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ADH
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antidiuretic hormone
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useful subs going to blood
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reabsorption
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bad subs going to kidney tubules
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secretion
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stays constant
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glomerular filtration rate
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neural regulation
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release add. norepinephrine
reduce GFR |
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hormonal regulation
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angiotensin II reduce GFR
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atrial natruiretic peptide
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increase GFR
150-200L of filtrate per day |
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88% of water
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obligatory reabsorption
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vasa recta
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maintain salt gradient
pick up NaCl on descending put out on ascending |
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facaltated water absorption
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controlled by ADH
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junxtaglomerular cells
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release renin & convert angiotynsinogen into angiotensin I
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