Digestive System Pathology

Front 1

aphthous ulcers

Back 1

Gray pits in lining of soft tissues in mouth caused by stress, foods, fever (canker sores)

Front 2

ulcer

Back 2

Open lesion of skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around edges

Front 3

Cheilosis

Back 3

Disorder of lips characterized by crack like sores at corners of mouth (cheil-lips, osis-condition or disease)

Front 4

herpes labialis

Back 4

Blister like sores on lips (cold sores)

Front 5

luekoplakia

Back 5

Abnormal white precancerous lesion develops on tongue or inside cheek (leuk/o-white, plakia-plaque)

Front 6

stomatitis

Back 6

Inflammation of mucosa of mouth (stomat-mouth, itis-inflammation)

Front 7

stomatomycosis

Back 7

Disease of the mouth due to fungus (stomat/o-mouth, myc-fungus, osis-condition or disease)

Front 8

oral thrush

Back 8

Out of control fungal infection

Front 9

trismus

Back 9

Restriction to opening of mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with treatment of oral cancer

Front 10

xerostomia

Back 10

Lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands (xer/o-dry, stom-mouth, ia-pertaining to)

Front 11

bruxism

Back 11

Grinding or clenching of teeth during sleep associated with tension or stress

Front 12

dental caries

Back 12

Bacteria that destroy enamel and dentin of tooth

Front 13

dental plaque

Back 13

Cause of dental caries and periodontal disease, forms deposits in areas near gums and between teeth

Front 14

edentulous

Back 14

Loss of all natural permanent teeth

Front 15

halitosis

Back 15

Mouth odor caused by dental disease or respiratory gastric disorders (halit-breath, osis-condition or disease)

Front 16

malocclusion

Back 16

Abnormal positioning of upper teeth against lower teeth

Front 17

periodontal disease

Back 17

Inflammation of tissues that surround and support teeth (peri-surrounding, odont-tooth or teeth, al-pertaining to)

Front 18

dental calculus

Back 18

Calcified dental plaque

Front 19

gingivitis

Back 19

Earliest stage of periodontal disease and inflammation affecting gums (gingiv-gums, itis-inflammation)

Front 20

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis

Back 20

Abnormal growth of bacteria in mouth (trench mouth)

Front 21

dysphagia

Back 21

Difficulty in swallowing (dys-bad, phagia-swallowing)

Front 22

gastroesophageal reflux disease

Back 22

Upward flow of stomach acid to esophagus (gastr/o-stomach, esophagi-esophagus, eal-pertaining to)

Front 23

Barrett's esophagus (or syndrome)

Back 23

Cells in epithelial tissue of esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

Front 24

pyrosis

Back 24

Burning sensation caused by return of acidic stomach contents into esophagus (pyr-fever, fire, osis-condition or disease)

Front 25

esophageal varices

Back 25

Enlarged swollen veins at lower end of esophagus

Front 26

hiatal hernia

Back 26

Anatomical abnormality in which a portion of stomach protrudes upward into chest through opening in diaphragm (hiat-opening, al-pertaining to)

Front 27

gastritis

Back 27

Inflammation of stomach lining caused by bacteria (gastr-stomach, itis-inflammation)

Front 28

gastroenteritis

Back 28

Inflammation of mucous membrane lining stomach and intestines (gastr/o-stomach, enter-small intestine, itis-inflammation)

Front 29

gastrorrhea

Back 29

Excessive secretion of gastric juice or mucus in stomach (gastr/o-stomach, rrhea-flow or discharge)

Front 30

peptic ulcers

Back 30

Sores affecting mucous membranes of digestive system (pept-digestion, ic-pertaining to)

Front 31

duodenal ulcer

Back 31

Peptic ulcers in upper part of small intestine

Front 32

anorexia

Back 32

Loss of appetite for food can be caused by disease

Front 33

anorexia nervosa

Back 33

Disorder causing misconception of body weight

Front 34

bulimia nervosa

Back 34

Eating disorder with frequent binge eating followed by self induced vommiting

Front 35

cachexia

Back 35

Physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass usually associated with AIDS

Front 36

pica

Back 36

Craving for nonfood substances

Front 37

aerophagia

Back 37

Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking common cause of gas in stomach (aer/o-air, phagia-swallow)

Front 38

dyspepsia

Back 38

Painful digestion (dys-bad, pepsia-digestion)

Front 39

emesis

Back 39

Vommiting

Front 40

hematemesis

Back 40

Vomiting of blood (hemat-blood, emesis-vomit)

Front 41

hyperemesis

Back 41

Extreme vomiting leading to dehydration (hyper-excessive, emesis-vomit)

Front 42

celiac disease

Back 42

Inherited autoimmune disease characterized by allergy to gluten foods

Front 43

colorectal carcinoma

Back 43

Cancer that creates polyps in colon

Front 44

polyp

Back 44

Mushroom like growth from surface of mucous membrane

Front 45

diverticulosis

Back 45

Chronic presence of diverticula in colon (diverticul-diverticulum, osis-condition or disease)

Front 46

diverticulum

Back 46

Small pouch or sac in lining of tubular organs such as colon

Front 47

diverticulitis

Back 47

Inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in colon (diverticul-diverticulum, itis-inflammation or infection)

Front 48

enteritis

Back 48

Inflammation of small intestine caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral and bacterial pathogens

Front 49

ischemic colitis

Back 49

Part of large intestine is partially or completely deprived of blood that leads to inflammation or permanent damage to affected area

Front 50

ileus

Back 50

Partial or complete blockage of small or large intestine, caused by stopping of peristalsis of area of intestine

Front 51

irritable bowel syndrome

Back 51

Abdominal pain with unknown cause that is associated with cramping, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea

Front 52

inflammatory bowel disease

Back 52

Disease that causes inflammation of intestines

Front 53

ulcerative colitis

Back 53

Inflammation in rectum and large intestine that causes ulcers (col-colon, it is-inflammation)

Front 54

Crohn's disease

Back 54

Chronic autoimmune disorder that occurs anywhere within digestive tract

Front 55

volvulus

Back 55

Twisting of intestine on itself causing obstruction

Front 56

inguinal hernia

Back 56

Protrusion of small loop of bowel through weak place in lower abdominal wall or groin (inguin-groin, al-pertaining to)

Front 57

clostridium difficile

Back 57

Bacterial infection after long term use of antibiotics

Front 58

dysentery

Back 58

Bacterial infection spread through food or water contaminated by human feces

Front 59

e coli

Back 59

Bacterial infection caused by under cooked food

Front 60

salmonellosis

Back 60

Transmitted by feces of animals or contaminated raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk, cheese

Front 61

rectocele

Back 61

Bulging of front wall of rectum into vagina (rect/o-rectum, cele-hernia)

Front 62

hematochezia

Back 62

Flow of bright red blood in stool which indicates blood coming from gastrointestinal tract

Front 63

melena

Back 63

Passage of black, tarry, foul smelling stool (melan-black, a-noun ending)

Front 64

steatorrhea

Back 64

Presence of excess fat in stool (steat/o-fat, rrhea-flow or discharge)

Front 65

ascites

Back 65

Accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity usually result of severe liver disease

Front 66

hepatomegaly

Back 66

Abnormal enlargement of liver (hepat/o-liver, megaly-enlargement)

Front 67

jaundice

Back 67

Yellow discoloration of skin, mucous membranes and eyes because of large amounts of bilirubin in blood

Front 68

hepatitis

Back 68

Inflammation of liver due to a viral infection (hepat-liver, itis-inflammation)

Front 69

hepatitis a

Back 69

Most prevalent transmitted by contaminated food and water with fecal matter (HAV)

Front 70

hepatitis b

Back 70

Blood borne disease transmitted through contact with blood and other body fluids contaminated with virus which has a vaccine (HBV)

Front 71

hepatitis c

Back 71

Blood borne disease that is spread through contact blood and other body fluids which can be present in body for years with no vaccine against

Front 72

cirrhosis

Back 72

Progressive deterioration of liver caused by either excessive alcohol consumption, or viral infections (cirrh-yellow, osis-condition or disease)

Front 73

non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Back 73

Accumulation of fat in liver not contributed to alcohol consumption (NAFLD)

Front 74

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Back 74

Fat accumulation in liver plus inflammation (steat/o-fat, hepat-liver, itis-inflammation)

Front 75

cholangitis

Back 75

Acute inflammation of bile duct characterized by pain in upper right quadrant of abdomen, fever, jaundice (cholang-bile duct, itis-inflammation)

Front 76

cholecystitis

Back 76

Inflammation of gallbladder associated with gallstones blocking flow of bile

Front 77

gallstone

Back 77

(cholelith) hard deposit formed in gallbladder and bile ducts due to concretion of bile components

Front 78

cholelithiasis

Back 78

Presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts (chole-bile or gall, lithiasis-presence of stones)